데이터 상품 상세| 감염병 빅데이터 거래소

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연락처 및 데이터 관리
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2023-07-06	2023-07-06	무기한	비네아
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● 데이터 상품명 변종 데이터셋 ● 데이터 상품 부제 COVID-19의 변종 관련 신약개발 데이터셋 ● 데이터 상품 요약 인용지수 상위 의학저널에 게재된 COVID-19의 변종에 관련된 의학 학술논문 데이터 ● 키워드 데이터셋 상품 정보 ■ 상품 설명 및 특징 - 의학논문의 저자 키워드 및 제목과 키워드에서 추출한 키워드에 대하여 키워드 속성, 대역어, 키워드 출처, 논문 DOI, 저자, 발행연월, 논문URL, 저널명, 저널 ISSN, 발행기관, Impact Factor의 정보를 매핑한 데이터 ■ 컬럼(속성) 정보 - 키워드명 : 키워드 - 키워드속성 : 키워드 성격 - 키워드출처 : 키워드 출현 위치 - 키워드대역어 : 자체 보유 의학사전 및 구글번역기에 의한 대역어 - 논문DOI명 : 키워드 출현 논문의 DOI - 논문제목 : 키워드 출현 논문의 제목 - 논문저자 : 키워드 출현 논문의 저자 - 논문발행연월 : 키워드 출현 논문의 발행연월 - 논문초록 : 키워드 출현 논문의 초록 - 논문URL : 키워드 출현 논문의 URL - 저널ISSN명 : 키워드 출현 논문의 저널 ISSN - 저널제목 : 키워드 출현 논문의 저널명 - 저널발행기관명 : 키워드 출현 논문의 발행기관명 ● 연관 데이터셋 상품 정보 ■ 상품 설명 및 특징 - 특정 키워드의 연관 키워드를 co-occurrence 기법과 Latent Semantic Algorithm에 의해 추출한 데이터셋 ■ 컬럼(속성) 정보 - 키워드명 : 키워드 - 키워드속성 : 키워드의 성격 - 연관키워드명 : 키워드와 연관된 키워드 - 연관키워드 속성 : 연관키워드의 속성 - 연관중요도 : 동의여 여부와 동시출현수를 지표로 하는 중요도 ● 기간 및 범위 - 2014년 5월 ~ 2022년 12월 ● 활용 예제 - 특정 주제에 해당되는 키워드의 속성별, 저널별, 연도별, 저자별 추이 - 키워드의 연관어를 속성별, 저널별, 연도별, 저자별 분석

샘플정보

ID	카테고리ID	카테고리명	키워드명	키워드속성	대체키워드명	키워드출처	키워드대역어	논문ID	논문DOI명	논문제목	논문저자	논문발행연월	논문유형	논문출처	논문초록	논문URL	저널ID	저널ISSN명	저널제목	저널발행기관명	저널ImpactFactor명
176469	905	변종	Severe acute respiratory syndrome	Disease	severe acute respiratory syndrome	abstract	심한 급성 호흡기 증후군	6138	10.3390/v13071295	Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS COV-2 in (Northwestern) Poland	Karol Serwin@@@Andrzej Ossowski@@@Maria Szargut@@@Sandra Cytacka@@@Anna Urba?ska@@@Adam Majchrzak@@@Anna Nied?wied?@@@Ewa Czerska@@@Anna Pawi?ska-Matecka@@@Joanna Goł?b@@@Miłosz Parczewski	202107	Article	PMC	The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved into a worldwide outbreak, with the first Polish cases in February/March 2020. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of the circulating virus lineages between March 2020 and February 2021. We performed variant identification, spike mutation pattern analysis, and phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for 1106 high-coverage whole-genome sequences, implementing maximum likelihood, multiple continuous-time Markov chain, and Bayesian birth?death skyline models. For time trends, logistic regression was used. In the dataset, virus B.1.221 lineage was predominant (15.37%), followed by B.1.258 (15.01%) and B.1.1.29 (11.48%) strains. Three clades were identified, being responsible for 74.41% of infections over the analyzed period. Expansion in variant diversity was observed since September 2020 with increasing frequency of the number in spike substitutions, mainly H69V70 deletion, P681H, N439K, and S98F. In population dynamics inferences, three periods with exponential increase in infection were observed, beginning in March, July, and September 2020, respectively, and were driven by different virus clades. Additionally, a notable increase in infections caused by the B.1.1.7 lineage since February 2021 was noted. Over time, the virus accumulated mutations related to optimized transmissibility; therefore, faster dissemination is reflected by the second wave of epidemics in Poland.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310356/	45	1999-4915	Viruses	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
176419	905	변종	accumulated mutation	Term	accumulated mutation	abstract	None	6138	10.3390/v13071295	Molecular Evolution and Epidemiological Characteristics of SARS COV-2 in (Northwestern) Poland	Karol Serwin@@@Andrzej Ossowski@@@Maria Szargut@@@Sandra Cytacka@@@Anna Urba?ska@@@Adam Majchrzak@@@Anna Nied?wied?@@@Ewa Czerska@@@Anna Pawi?ska-Matecka@@@Joanna Goł?b@@@Miłosz Parczewski	202107	Article	PMC	The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved into a worldwide outbreak, with the first Polish cases in February/March 2020. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology of the circulating virus lineages between March 2020 and February 2021. We performed variant identification, spike mutation pattern analysis, and phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses for 1106 high-coverage whole-genome sequences, implementing maximum likelihood, multiple continuous-time Markov chain, and Bayesian birth?death skyline models. For time trends, logistic regression was used. In the dataset, virus B.1.221 lineage was predominant (15.37%), followed by B.1.258 (15.01%) and B.1.1.29 (11.48%) strains. Three clades were identified, being responsible for 74.41% of infections over the analyzed period. Expansion in variant diversity was observed since September 2020 with increasing frequency of the number in spike substitutions, mainly H69V70 deletion, P681H, N439K, and S98F. In population dynamics inferences, three periods with exponential increase in infection were observed, beginning in March, July, and September 2020, respectively, and were driven by different virus clades. Additionally, a notable increase in infections caused by the B.1.1.7 lineage since February 2021 was noted. Over time, the virus accumulated mutations related to optimized transmissibility; therefore, faster dissemination is reflected by the second wave of epidemics in Poland.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310356/	45	1999-4915	Viruses	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
176609	905	변종	measure	Term	measure	abstract	None	6143	10.3390/v13081525	The Algerian Chapter of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An Evolutionary, Genetic, and Epidemiological Prospect	Safia Zeghbib@@@Bal?zs A. Somogyi@@@Brigitta Zana@@@G?bor Kemenesi@@@R?bert Herczeg@@@Fawzi Derrar@@@Ferenc Jakab	202108	Article	PMC	To explore the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Algeria, a dataset comprising ninety-five genomes originating from SARS-CoV-2 sampled from Algeria and other countries worldwide, from 24 December 2019, through 4 March 2021, was thoroughly examined. While performing a multi-component analysis regarding the Algerian outbreak, the toolkit of phylogenetic, phylogeographic, haplotype, and genomic analysis were effectively implemented. We estimated the Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) in reference to the Algerian pandemic and highlighted the multiple introductions of the disease and the missing data depicted in the transmission loop. In addition, we emphasized the significant role played by local and international travels in disease dissemination. Most importantly, we unveiled mutational patterns, the effect of unique mutations on corresponding proteins, and the relatedness regarding the Algerian sequences to other sequences worldwide. Our results revealed individual amino-acid replacements such as the deleterious replacement A23T in the orf3a gene in Algeria_EPI_ISL_418241. Additionally, a connection between Algeria_EPI_ISL_420037 and sequences originating from the USA was observed through a USA characteristic amino-acid replacement T1004I in the nsp3 gene, found in the aforementioned Algerian sequence. Similarly, successful tracing could be established, such as Algeria/G37318-8849/2020\|EPI_ISL_766863, which was imported from Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage. Lastly, we assessed the Algerian mitigation measures regarding disease containment using statistical analyses.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402747/	45	1999-4915	Viruses	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
176604	905	변종	Genomic analysis	Term	genomic analysis	abstract	게놈 분석	6143	10.3390/v13081525	The Algerian Chapter of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An Evolutionary, Genetic, and Epidemiological Prospect	Safia Zeghbib@@@Bal?zs A. Somogyi@@@Brigitta Zana@@@G?bor Kemenesi@@@R?bert Herczeg@@@Fawzi Derrar@@@Ferenc Jakab	202108	Article	PMC	To explore the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Algeria, a dataset comprising ninety-five genomes originating from SARS-CoV-2 sampled from Algeria and other countries worldwide, from 24 December 2019, through 4 March 2021, was thoroughly examined. While performing a multi-component analysis regarding the Algerian outbreak, the toolkit of phylogenetic, phylogeographic, haplotype, and genomic analysis were effectively implemented. We estimated the Time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) in reference to the Algerian pandemic and highlighted the multiple introductions of the disease and the missing data depicted in the transmission loop. In addition, we emphasized the significant role played by local and international travels in disease dissemination. Most importantly, we unveiled mutational patterns, the effect of unique mutations on corresponding proteins, and the relatedness regarding the Algerian sequences to other sequences worldwide. Our results revealed individual amino-acid replacements such as the deleterious replacement A23T in the orf3a gene in Algeria_EPI_ISL_418241. Additionally, a connection between Algeria_EPI_ISL_420037 and sequences originating from the USA was observed through a USA characteristic amino-acid replacement T1004I in the nsp3 gene, found in the aforementioned Algerian sequence. Similarly, successful tracing could be established, such as Algeria/G37318-8849/2020\|EPI_ISL_766863, which was imported from Saudi Arabia during the pilgrimage. Lastly, we assessed the Algerian mitigation measures regarding disease containment using statistical analyses.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8402747/	45	1999-4915	Viruses	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
182285	905	변종	A2a	Gene	a2a	abstract	None	6503	10.1371/journal.pone.0246173	Clinical and whole genome characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in India	Radhakrishna Muttineni@@@Nagamani Kammili@@@Thrilok Chander Bingi@@@Raja Rao M.@@@Kalyani Putty@@@Pankaj Singh Dholaniya@@@Ravi Kumar Puli@@@Sunitha Pakalapati@@@Saritha S.@@@Shekar K.@@@Mallikarjuna Reddy Doodipala@@@Amit A. Upadhyay@@@Steven E. Bosinger@@@Rama R. Amara@@@Anand K. Kondapi@@@Binod Kumar@@@Binod Kumar@@@Binod Kumar	202102	Research Article	PMC	We report clinical profile of hundred and nine patients with SARS CoV-2 infection, and whole genome sequences (WGS) of seven virus isolates from the first reported cases in India, with various international travel histories. Comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease were frequently associated with severity of the disease. WBC and neutrophil counts showed an increase, while lymphocyte counts decreased in patients with severe infection suggesting a possible neutrophil mediated organ damage, while immune activity may be diminished with decrease in lymphocytes leading to disease severity. Increase in SGOT, SGPT and blood urea suggests the functional deficiencies of liver, heart, and kidney in patients who succumbed to the disease when compared to the group of recovered patients. The WGS analysis showed that these isolates were classified into two clades: I/A3i, and A2a (four according to GISAID: O, L, GR, and GH). Further, WGS phylogeny and travel history together indicate possible transmission from Middle East and Europe. Three S protein variants: Wuhan reference, D614G, and Y28H were identified predicted to possess different binding affinities to host ACE2.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7853523/	49	1932-6203	PLoS ONE	San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science.
190554	905	변종	COVID-19	Disease	covid-19	title	코로나-19	7392	10.1038/s41392-021-00695-0	Assessment of infectivity and the impact on neutralizing activity of immune sera of the COVID-19 variant, CAL.20C		202107	Comment	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8313410/	58	2095-9907	Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy	[London] : Nature Publishing Group
197876	905	변종	Public Health England	Institution	public health england	abstract	None	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
197900	905	변종	Wellcome Trust	Institution	wellcome trust	abstract	None	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
190881	905	변종	Vaccines	Drug	vaccine	author	백신	7326	10.1038/s41392-021-00767-1	SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Delta: a great challenge to prevention and control of COVID-19	Maochen Li@@@Fuxing Lou@@@Huahao Fan	202109	Review	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8475295/	58	2095-9907	Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy	[London] : Nature Publishing Group
190551	905	변종	SARS-CoV-2 transmission	Term	sars-cov-2 transmission	title	SARS-COV-2 전송	7374	10.1038/s41392-021-00502-w	Mutation D614G increases SARS-CoV-2 transmission	Prerna Arora@@@Stefan P?hlmann@@@Markus Hoffmann	202103	Comment	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7919247/	58	2095-9907	Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy	[London] : Nature Publishing Group
190615	905	변종	Infection	Symptom	infection	author	감염	7394	10.1038/s41392-022-00879-2	A non-ACE2-blocking neutralizing antibody against Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants	Xiaomin Duan@@@Rui Shi@@@Pulan Liu@@@Qingrui Huang@@@Fengze Wang@@@Xinyu Chen@@@Hui Feng@@@Weijin Huang@@@Junyu Xiao@@@Jinghua Yan	202201	Letter	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8787029/	58	2095-9907	Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy	[London] : Nature Publishing Group
195121	905	변종	drug design	Term	drug design	abstract	약물 디자인	7553	10.1073/pnas.2100943118	Distant residues modulate conformational opening in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein	Dhiman Ray@@@Ly Le@@@Ioan Andricioaei	202110	408	PMC	Significance The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in the largest public health crisis in recent times. Significant drug design effort against SARS-CoV-2 is focused on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, although this region is highly prone to mutations causing therapeutic resistance. We applied deep data analysis methods on all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to identify key non-RBD residues that play a crucial role in spike?receptor binding and infection. Because the non-RBD residues are typically conserved across multiple coronaviruses, they can be targeted by broad-spectrum antibodies and drugs to treat infections from new strains that might appear during future epidemics. Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) involves the attachment of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its spike proteins to the ACE2 receptors on the peripheral membrane of host cells. Binding is initiated by a down-to-up conformational change in the spike protein, the change that presents the RBD to the receptor. To date, computational and experimental studies that search for therapeutics have concentrated, for good reason, on the RBD. However, the RBD region is highly prone to mutations, and is therefore a hotspot for drug resistance. In contrast, we here focus on the correlations between the RBD and residues distant to it in the spike protein. This allows for a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular recognition events and prediction of the highest-effect key mutations in distant, allosteric sites, with implications for therapeutics. Also, these sites can appear in emerging mutants with possibly higher transmissibility and virulence, and preidentifying them can give clues for designing pan-coronavirus vaccines against future outbreaks. Our model, based on time-lagged independent component analysis (tICA) and protein graph connectivity network, is able to identify multiple residues that exhibit long-distance coupling with the RBD opening. Residues involved in the most ubiquitous D614G mutation and the A570D mutation of the highly contagious UK SARS-CoV-2 variant are predicted ab initio from our model. Conversely, broad-spectrum therapeutics like drugs and monoclonal antibodies can target these key distant-but-conserved regions of the spike protein.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8639331/	63	0027-8424	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of	Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences.
195671	905	변종	human cell	Cell	human cell	abstract	None	7575	10.1073/pnas.2102957118	Inhalable nanocatchers for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition	Han Zhang@@@Wenjun Zhu@@@Qiutong Jin@@@Feng Pan@@@Jiafei Zhu@@@Yanbin Liu@@@Linfu Chen@@@Jingjing Shen@@@Yang Yang@@@Qian Chen@@@Zhuang Liu	202107	422	PMC	Significance The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants are more transmissible, which brings new challenges to vaccine treatment. There is an urgent global need for alternative strategies that could effectively and rapidly prevent the infection of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Herein, we design human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2)?containing nanocatchers (NCs) derived from genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2 as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. An inhalable formulation fabricated by NCs and the mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung and exhibits potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in an hACE2-expressing mouse model. Importantly, the inhalable NCs in the lyophilized formulation allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), presents an urgent health crisis. More recently, an increasing number of mutated strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified globally. Such mutations, especially those on the spike glycoprotein to render its higher binding affinity to human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) receptors, not only resulted in higher transmission of SARS-CoV-2 but also raised serious concerns regarding the efficacies of vaccines against mutated viruses. Since ACE2 is the virus-binding protein on human cells regardless of viral mutations, we design hACE2-containing nanocatchers (NCs) as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hACE2-containing NCs, derived from the cellular membrane of genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2, exhibited excellent neutralization ability against pseudoviruses of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the D614G variant. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in the lung, the most vulnerable organ for COVID-19, we develop an inhalable formulation by mixing hACE2-containing NCs with mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid, the latter of which could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung after inhalation. Excitingly, inhalation of our formulation could lead to potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in hACE2-expressing mouse model, without imposing any appreciable side effects. Importantly, our inhalable hACE2-containing NCs in the lyophilized formulation would allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. Thus, this work may provide an alternative tactic to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infections even with different mutations, exhibiting great potential for treatment of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8307760/	63	0027-8424	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of	Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences.
195664	905	변종	hACE2	Enzyme	hace2	abstract	HACE2	7575	10.1073/pnas.2102957118	Inhalable nanocatchers for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition	Han Zhang@@@Wenjun Zhu@@@Qiutong Jin@@@Feng Pan@@@Jiafei Zhu@@@Yanbin Liu@@@Linfu Chen@@@Jingjing Shen@@@Yang Yang@@@Qian Chen@@@Zhuang Liu	202107	422	PMC	Significance The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants are more transmissible, which brings new challenges to vaccine treatment. There is an urgent global need for alternative strategies that could effectively and rapidly prevent the infection of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Herein, we design human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2)?containing nanocatchers (NCs) derived from genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2 as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. An inhalable formulation fabricated by NCs and the mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung and exhibits potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in an hACE2-expressing mouse model. Importantly, the inhalable NCs in the lyophilized formulation allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), presents an urgent health crisis. More recently, an increasing number of mutated strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified globally. Such mutations, especially those on the spike glycoprotein to render its higher binding affinity to human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) receptors, not only resulted in higher transmission of SARS-CoV-2 but also raised serious concerns regarding the efficacies of vaccines against mutated viruses. Since ACE2 is the virus-binding protein on human cells regardless of viral mutations, we design hACE2-containing nanocatchers (NCs) as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hACE2-containing NCs, derived from the cellular membrane of genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2, exhibited excellent neutralization ability against pseudoviruses of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the D614G variant. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in the lung, the most vulnerable organ for COVID-19, we develop an inhalable formulation by mixing hACE2-containing NCs with mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid, the latter of which could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung after inhalation. Excitingly, inhalation of our formulation could lead to potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in hACE2-expressing mouse model, without imposing any appreciable side effects. Importantly, our inhalable hACE2-containing NCs in the lyophilized formulation would allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. Thus, this work may provide an alternative tactic to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infections even with different mutations, exhibiting great potential for treatment of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8307760/	63	0027-8424	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of	Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences.
195666	905	변종	Health	Term	health	abstract	건강	7575	10.1073/pnas.2102957118	Inhalable nanocatchers for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition	Han Zhang@@@Wenjun Zhu@@@Qiutong Jin@@@Feng Pan@@@Jiafei Zhu@@@Yanbin Liu@@@Linfu Chen@@@Jingjing Shen@@@Yang Yang@@@Qian Chen@@@Zhuang Liu	202107	422	PMC	Significance The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants are more transmissible, which brings new challenges to vaccine treatment. There is an urgent global need for alternative strategies that could effectively and rapidly prevent the infection of various SARS-CoV-2 variants. Herein, we design human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2)?containing nanocatchers (NCs) derived from genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2 as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. An inhalable formulation fabricated by NCs and the mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung and exhibits potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in an hACE2-expressing mouse model. Importantly, the inhalable NCs in the lyophilized formulation allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), presents an urgent health crisis. More recently, an increasing number of mutated strains of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified globally. Such mutations, especially those on the spike glycoprotein to render its higher binding affinity to human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2) receptors, not only resulted in higher transmission of SARS-CoV-2 but also raised serious concerns regarding the efficacies of vaccines against mutated viruses. Since ACE2 is the virus-binding protein on human cells regardless of viral mutations, we design hACE2-containing nanocatchers (NCs) as the competitor with host cells for virus binding to protect cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hACE2-containing NCs, derived from the cellular membrane of genetically engineered cells stably expressing hACE2, exhibited excellent neutralization ability against pseudoviruses of both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the D614G variant. To prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in the lung, the most vulnerable organ for COVID-19, we develop an inhalable formulation by mixing hACE2-containing NCs with mucoadhesive excipient hyaluronic acid, the latter of which could significantly prolong the retention of NCs in the lung after inhalation. Excitingly, inhalation of our formulation could lead to potent pseudovirus inhibition ability in hACE2-expressing mouse model, without imposing any appreciable side effects. Importantly, our inhalable hACE2-containing NCs in the lyophilized formulation would allow long-term storage, facilitating their future clinical use. Thus, this work may provide an alternative tactic to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infections even with different mutations, exhibiting great potential for treatment of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8307760/	63	0027-8424	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of	Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences.
195972	905	변종	inoculation	Term	inoculation	abstract	접종	7587	10.1073/pnas.2105253118	SARS-CoV-2 evolution in animals suggests mechanisms for rapid variant selection	Laura Bashor@@@Roderick B. Gagne@@@Angela M. Bosco-Lauth@@@Richard A. Bowen@@@Mark Stenglein@@@Sue VandeWoude	202110	423	PMC	Significance SARS-CoV-2 emerged because of viral spillover from animals to humans, and spillback to other animal species has been observed with accelerating frequency. Cross-species transmission generally results in the rapid adaptation of the virus to the new host, and repeated transmissions may hasten viral evolution and novel strain emergence. We report the surprisingly rapid selection of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants in cell culture and following infection of nonhuman mammalian hosts, including dogs and cats. These molecular changes in SARS-CoV-2 provide insight into mechanisms of viral host adaptation, lay the groundwork for additional studies assessing dominant variant fitness and phenotype, and highlight the potential for human reinfection with new viral variants arising in species in close and frequent contact with humans. SARS-CoV-2 spillback from humans into domestic and wild animals has been well documented, and an accumulating number of studies illustrate that human-to-animal transmission is widespread in cats, mink, deer, and other species. Experimental inoculations of cats, mink, and ferrets have perpetuated transmission cycles. We sequenced full genomes of Vero cell?expanded SARS-CoV-2 inoculum and viruses recovered from cats ( n = 6), dogs ( n = 3), hamsters ( n = 3), and a ferret ( n = 1) following experimental exposure. Five nonsynonymous changes relative to the USA-WA1/2020 prototype strain were near fixation in the stock used for inoculation but had reverted to wild-type sequences at these sites in dogs, cats, and hamsters within 1- to 3-d postexposure. A total of 14 emergent variants (six in nonstructural genes, six in spike, and one each in orf8 and nucleocapsid) were detected in viruses recovered from animals. This included substitutions in spike residues H69, N501, and D614, which also vary in human lineages of concern. Even though a live virus was not cultured from dogs, substitutions in replicase genes were detected in amplified sequences. The rapid selection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro and in vivo reveals residues with functional significance during host switching. These observations also illustrate the potential for spillback from animal hosts to accelerate the evolution of new viral lineages, findings of particular concern for dogs and cats living in households with COVID-19 patients. More generally, this glimpse into viral host switching reveals the unrealized rapidity and plasticity of viral evolution in experimental animal model systems.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8612357/	63	0027-8424	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of	Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences.
197849	905	변종	Genomics	Term	genomic	abstract	유전체학	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
197853	905	변종	Increases	Action	increase	abstract	None	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
197854	905	변종	increases in	Action	increases in	abstract	None	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
197844	905	변종	Factor	Term	factor	abstract	None	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
197837	905	변종	ecological	Term	ecological	title,abstract	None	7652	10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00055-4	Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study		202104	Articles	PMC	Summary Background The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was first identified in December, 2020, in England. We aimed to investigate whether increases in the proportion of infections with this variant are associated with differences in symptoms or disease course, reinfection rates, or transmissibility. Methods We did an ecological study to examine the association between the regional proportion of infections with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant and reported symptoms, disease course, rates of reinfection, and transmissibility. Data on types and duration of symptoms were obtained from longitudinal reports from users of the COVID Symptom Study app who reported a positive test for COVID-19 between Sept 28 and Dec 27, 2020 (during which the prevalence of B.1.1.7 increased most notably in parts of the UK). From this dataset, we also estimated the frequency of possible reinfection, defined as the presence of two reported positive tests separated by more than 90 days with a period of reporting no symptoms for more than 7 days before the second positive test. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections with the B.1.1.7 variant across the UK was estimated with use of genomic data from the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium and data from Public Health England on spike-gene target failure (a non-specific indicator of the B.1.1.7 variant) in community cases in England. We used linear regression to examine the association between reported symptoms and proportion of B.1.1.7. We assessed the Spearman correlation between the proportion of B.1.1.7 cases and number of reinfections over time, and between the number of positive tests and reinfections. We estimated incidence for B.1.1.7 and previous variants, and compared the effective reproduction number, R t , for the two incidence estimates. Findings From Sept 28 to Dec 27, 2020, positive COVID-19 tests were reported by 36?920 COVID Symptom Study app users whose region was known and who reported as healthy on app sign-up. We found no changes in reported symptoms or disease duration associated with B.1.1.7. For the same period, possible reinfections were identified in 249 (0·7% [95% CI 0·6?0·8]) of 36?509 app users who reported a positive swab test before Oct 1, 2020, but there was no evidence that the frequency of reinfections was higher for the B.1.1.7 variant than for pre-existing variants. Reinfection occurrences were more positively correlated with the overall regional rise in cases (Spearman correlation 0·56?0·69 for South East, London, and East of England) than with the regional increase in the proportion of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant (Spearman correlation 0·38?0·56 in the same regions), suggesting B.1.1.7 does not substantially alter the risk of reinfection. We found a multiplicative increase in the R t of B.1.1.7 by a factor of 1·35 (95% CI 1·02?1·69) relative to pre-existing variants. However, R t fell below 1 during regional and national lockdowns, even in regions with high proportions of infections with the B.1.1.7 variant. Interpretation The lack of change in symptoms identified in this study indicates that existing testing and surveillance infrastructure do not need to change specifically for the B.1.1.7 variant. In addition, given that there was no apparent increase in the reinfection rate, vaccines are likely to remain effective against the B.1.1.7 variant. Funding Zoe Global, Department of Health (UK), Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), Alzheimer's Society.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8041365/	68	2468-2667	The Lancet. Public Health	[Oxford] : Elsevier, Ltd
214422	905	변종	United States	Term	united state	abstract	유나이티드_스테이트_오브_아메리카	8802	10.1128/Spectrum.00312-21	Understanding the Barriers to Pooled SARS-CoV-2 Testing in the United States	Eli P. Fenichel@@@R. Tobias Koch@@@Anna Gilbert@@@Gregg Gonsalves@@@Anne L. Wyllie	202108	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection is instrumental for increasing test capacity while decreasing test cost. Pooled testing programs permit sustainable, long-term surveillance measures, which are essential for the early detection of virus resurgence in communities or the emergence of variants of concern. While numerous pooled approaches have been proposed to increase test capacity, uptake by laboratories has been limited. On 9 December 2020, we invited 362 U.S. laboratories that inquired about the Yale School of Public Health SalivaDirect test to participate in a survey to evaluate testing constraints and pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The survey was distributed using Qualtrics, and three reminders were sent. The survey closed on 21 January 2021. Of 93 responses received (25.7% response rate), 90 were from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratories conducting SARS-CoV-2 testing. The remaining three were excluded from the analyses. Responses indicated that the major barriers to the uptake of pooled testing in the United States may not simply be the number of tests a laboratory can process per day, but rather the lack of clear protocols and adequate resources; laboratories are working with fixed physical and human capital constraints. Importantly, laboratories across the country are heterogeneous in infrastructure and workflow. The need for SARS-CoV-2 testing will remain for years to come. Testing programs can be maintained through pooled PCR testing strategies, and while statisticians, operations researchers, and others with expertise in sampling design have important value to add, laboratories require support on how to transition from traditional diagnostic testing to pooled surveillance. IMPORTANCE While numerous pooled SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches have been described in an effort to increase testing capacity and decrease test prices, uptake by laboratories has been limited. Responses to our survey of United States-based laboratories highlight the importance of consulting end-users?those that solutions are being designed for?so challenges can be addressed in a manner tailored to meet the specific needs out in the field. It may be surprising to those designing pooled testing strategies to learn that laboratories view pooling as more time-consuming than testing samples individually, and therefore that it is thought to create delays in test reporting.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8552767/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
198817	905	변종	COVID-19	Disease	covid-19	title	코로나-19	7747	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0935	Assessment of Clinical Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in US Adolescents	Carlos R. Oliveira@@@Linda M. Niccolai@@@Hassan Sheikha@@@Lina Elmansy@@@Chaney C. Kalinich@@@Nathan D. Grubaugh@@@Eugene D. Shapiro	202203	Research	PMC	Key Points Question What is the association between the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 positivity among adolescents? Findings This case-control study of 542 adolescents was conducted when the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 was predominant and within 4 months of the vaccine rollout for adolescents. Overall, the estimated effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine was 91%, with 93% protection against symptomatic infections and 85% effectiveness against asymptomatic infection. Meaning These findings suggest that the BNT162b2 vaccine was effective in adolescents within 4 months of immunization, including against infections caused by the Delta variant. This case-control study estimates the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Importance The emergence of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has led to increases in both infections and hospitalizations among adolescents. Little is known about the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents in the general population, as opposed to a clinical trial population. Objective To estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a matched case-control study among adolescents (aged 12-18 years) who had results from a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription?polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Immunization histories, relevant clinical data, and RT-PCR test results were obtained from the Yale New Haven Health System’s medical records between June 1, 2021, and August 15, 2021, when the Delta variant caused 92% of infections in Connecticut. Case participants were defined as adolescents who had a positive test result and an associated medical encounter. Control participants were defined as those who had a negative test result and were matched to a case participant by age, county of residence, and date of testing. Exposures Adolescents were defined as fully immunized if they had received 2 doses of vaccine at least 14 days before focal time. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measured was SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR. The vaccine’s effectiveness (VE) was estimated using matched odds ratios from conditional logistic regression models. Secondary measures included estimated VE by clinical symptoms, number of vaccine doses received, and elapsed time from immunization. Results A total of 6901 adolescents were tested for SARS-CoV-2. The final sample comprised 186 case participants and 356 matched control participants. The median age was 14 (IQR, 13-16) years, 262 (48%) identified as female, 81 (15%) as Black, 82 (15%) as Hispanic, and 297 (55%) as White. Overall, 134 (25%) were fully immunized (case participants, 10 [5%]; control participants, 124 [35%]). The median time between immunization and the SARS-CoV-2 test was 62 days (range, 17-129 days). Within 4 months of receiving 2 doses, VE against any infection was estimated to be 91% (95% CI, 80%-96%); against asymptomatic infection, 85% (95% CI, 57%-95%). Effectiveness after a single dose was estimated to be 74% (95% CI, 18%-92%). Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective case-control study of US adolescents, 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine appeared to provide excellent protection for at least 4 months after immunization against both symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8895259/	71	2574-3805	JAMA Network Open	Chicago, IL : American Medical Association
198811	905	변종	Clinical data	Term	clinical data	abstract	None	7747	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0935	Assessment of Clinical Effectiveness of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in US Adolescents	Carlos R. Oliveira@@@Linda M. Niccolai@@@Hassan Sheikha@@@Lina Elmansy@@@Chaney C. Kalinich@@@Nathan D. Grubaugh@@@Eugene D. Shapiro	202203	Research	PMC	Key Points Question What is the association between the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 positivity among adolescents? Findings This case-control study of 542 adolescents was conducted when the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 was predominant and within 4 months of the vaccine rollout for adolescents. Overall, the estimated effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine was 91%, with 93% protection against symptomatic infections and 85% effectiveness against asymptomatic infection. Meaning These findings suggest that the BNT162b2 vaccine was effective in adolescents within 4 months of immunization, including against infections caused by the Delta variant. This case-control study estimates the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Importance The emergence of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has led to increases in both infections and hospitalizations among adolescents. Little is known about the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents in the general population, as opposed to a clinical trial population. Objective To estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a matched case-control study among adolescents (aged 12-18 years) who had results from a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription?polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. Immunization histories, relevant clinical data, and RT-PCR test results were obtained from the Yale New Haven Health System’s medical records between June 1, 2021, and August 15, 2021, when the Delta variant caused 92% of infections in Connecticut. Case participants were defined as adolescents who had a positive test result and an associated medical encounter. Control participants were defined as those who had a negative test result and were matched to a case participant by age, county of residence, and date of testing. Exposures Adolescents were defined as fully immunized if they had received 2 doses of vaccine at least 14 days before focal time. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measured was SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by RT-PCR. The vaccine’s effectiveness (VE) was estimated using matched odds ratios from conditional logistic regression models. Secondary measures included estimated VE by clinical symptoms, number of vaccine doses received, and elapsed time from immunization. Results A total of 6901 adolescents were tested for SARS-CoV-2. The final sample comprised 186 case participants and 356 matched control participants. The median age was 14 (IQR, 13-16) years, 262 (48%) identified as female, 81 (15%) as Black, 82 (15%) as Hispanic, and 297 (55%) as White. Overall, 134 (25%) were fully immunized (case participants, 10 [5%]; control participants, 124 [35%]). The median time between immunization and the SARS-CoV-2 test was 62 days (range, 17-129 days). Within 4 months of receiving 2 doses, VE against any infection was estimated to be 91% (95% CI, 80%-96%); against asymptomatic infection, 85% (95% CI, 57%-95%). Effectiveness after a single dose was estimated to be 74% (95% CI, 18%-92%). Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective case-control study of US adolescents, 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine appeared to provide excellent protection for at least 4 months after immunization against both symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8895259/	71	2574-3805	JAMA Network Open	Chicago, IL : American Medical Association
214425	905	변종	virus	Term	virus	abstract	바이러스	8802	10.1128/Spectrum.00312-21	Understanding the Barriers to Pooled SARS-CoV-2 Testing in the United States	Eli P. Fenichel@@@R. Tobias Koch@@@Anna Gilbert@@@Gregg Gonsalves@@@Anne L. Wyllie	202108	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection is instrumental for increasing test capacity while decreasing test cost. Pooled testing programs permit sustainable, long-term surveillance measures, which are essential for the early detection of virus resurgence in communities or the emergence of variants of concern. While numerous pooled approaches have been proposed to increase test capacity, uptake by laboratories has been limited. On 9 December 2020, we invited 362 U.S. laboratories that inquired about the Yale School of Public Health SalivaDirect test to participate in a survey to evaluate testing constraints and pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The survey was distributed using Qualtrics, and three reminders were sent. The survey closed on 21 January 2021. Of 93 responses received (25.7% response rate), 90 were from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratories conducting SARS-CoV-2 testing. The remaining three were excluded from the analyses. Responses indicated that the major barriers to the uptake of pooled testing in the United States may not simply be the number of tests a laboratory can process per day, but rather the lack of clear protocols and adequate resources; laboratories are working with fixed physical and human capital constraints. Importantly, laboratories across the country are heterogeneous in infrastructure and workflow. The need for SARS-CoV-2 testing will remain for years to come. Testing programs can be maintained through pooled PCR testing strategies, and while statisticians, operations researchers, and others with expertise in sampling design have important value to add, laboratories require support on how to transition from traditional diagnostic testing to pooled surveillance. IMPORTANCE While numerous pooled SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches have been described in an effort to increase testing capacity and decrease test prices, uptake by laboratories has been limited. Responses to our survey of United States-based laboratories highlight the importance of consulting end-users?those that solutions are being designed for?so challenges can be addressed in a manner tailored to meet the specific needs out in the field. It may be surprising to those designing pooled testing strategies to learn that laboratories view pooling as more time-consuming than testing samples individually, and therefore that it is thought to create delays in test reporting.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8552767/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
215285	905	변종	effective	Term	effective	abstract	abnormality	8845	10.1128/spectrum.02364-21	A Feasible Alternative Strategy Targeting Furin Disrupts SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle	Tanmoy Mondal@@@Gururaj Shivange@@@Alaa Habieb@@@Jogender Tushir-Singh	202202	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT The COVID-19 causing coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health threat worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters human lung cells via its spike glycoprotein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, the cleavage of the spike by the host cell protease furin in virus-producing cells is critical for subsequent spike-driven entry into lung cells. Thus, effective targeted therapies blocking the spike cleavage and activation in viral producing cells may provide an alternate strategy to break the viral transmission cycle and to overcome disease pathology. Here we engineered and described an antibody-based targeted strategy, which directly competes with the furin mediated proteolytic activation of the spike in virus-producing cells. The described approach involves engineering competitive furin substrate residues in the IgG1 Fc-extended flexible linker domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeting antibodies. Considering the site of spike furin cleavage and SARS-CoV-2 egress remains uncertain, the experimental strategy pursued here revealed novel mechanistic insights into proteolytic processing of the spike protein, which suggest that processing does not occur in the constitutive secretory pathway. Furthermore, our results show blockade of furin-mediated cleavage of the spike protein for membrane fusion activation and virus host-cell entry function. These findings provide an alternate insight of targeting applicability to SARS-CoV-2 and the future coronaviridae family members, exploiting the host protease system to gain cellular entry and subsequent chain of infections. IMPORTANCE Since its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has remained a global economic and health threat. Although RNA and DNA vector-based vaccines induced antibody response and immunological memory have proven highly effective against hospitalization and mortality, their long-term efficacy remains unknown against continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. As host cell-enriched furin-mediated cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is critical for viral entry and chain of the infection cycle, the solution described here of an antibody Fc-conjugated furin competing peptide is significant. In a scenario where spike mutational drifts do not interfere with the Fc-conjugated antibody's epitope, the proposed furin competing strategy confers a broad-spectrum targeting design to impede the production of efficiently transmissible SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. In addition, the proposed approach is plug-and-play against other potentially deadly viruses that exploit secretory pathway independent host protease machinery to gain cellular entry and subsequent transmissions to host cells.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8826744/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
215287	905	변종	epitope	Organ	epitope	abstract	에피토프	8845	10.1128/spectrum.02364-21	A Feasible Alternative Strategy Targeting Furin Disrupts SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle	Tanmoy Mondal@@@Gururaj Shivange@@@Alaa Habieb@@@Jogender Tushir-Singh	202202	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT The COVID-19 causing coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health threat worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters human lung cells via its spike glycoprotein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, the cleavage of the spike by the host cell protease furin in virus-producing cells is critical for subsequent spike-driven entry into lung cells. Thus, effective targeted therapies blocking the spike cleavage and activation in viral producing cells may provide an alternate strategy to break the viral transmission cycle and to overcome disease pathology. Here we engineered and described an antibody-based targeted strategy, which directly competes with the furin mediated proteolytic activation of the spike in virus-producing cells. The described approach involves engineering competitive furin substrate residues in the IgG1 Fc-extended flexible linker domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeting antibodies. Considering the site of spike furin cleavage and SARS-CoV-2 egress remains uncertain, the experimental strategy pursued here revealed novel mechanistic insights into proteolytic processing of the spike protein, which suggest that processing does not occur in the constitutive secretory pathway. Furthermore, our results show blockade of furin-mediated cleavage of the spike protein for membrane fusion activation and virus host-cell entry function. These findings provide an alternate insight of targeting applicability to SARS-CoV-2 and the future coronaviridae family members, exploiting the host protease system to gain cellular entry and subsequent chain of infections. IMPORTANCE Since its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has remained a global economic and health threat. Although RNA and DNA vector-based vaccines induced antibody response and immunological memory have proven highly effective against hospitalization and mortality, their long-term efficacy remains unknown against continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. As host cell-enriched furin-mediated cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is critical for viral entry and chain of the infection cycle, the solution described here of an antibody Fc-conjugated furin competing peptide is significant. In a scenario where spike mutational drifts do not interfere with the Fc-conjugated antibody's epitope, the proposed furin competing strategy confers a broad-spectrum targeting design to impede the production of efficiently transmissible SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. In addition, the proposed approach is plug-and-play against other potentially deadly viruses that exploit secretory pathway independent host protease machinery to gain cellular entry and subsequent transmissions to host cells.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8826744/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
215290	905	변종	Health	Term	health	abstract	건강	8845	10.1128/spectrum.02364-21	A Feasible Alternative Strategy Targeting Furin Disrupts SARS-CoV-2 Infection Cycle	Tanmoy Mondal@@@Gururaj Shivange@@@Alaa Habieb@@@Jogender Tushir-Singh	202202	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT The COVID-19 causing coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health threat worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters human lung cells via its spike glycoprotein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, the cleavage of the spike by the host cell protease furin in virus-producing cells is critical for subsequent spike-driven entry into lung cells. Thus, effective targeted therapies blocking the spike cleavage and activation in viral producing cells may provide an alternate strategy to break the viral transmission cycle and to overcome disease pathology. Here we engineered and described an antibody-based targeted strategy, which directly competes with the furin mediated proteolytic activation of the spike in virus-producing cells. The described approach involves engineering competitive furin substrate residues in the IgG1 Fc-extended flexible linker domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike targeting antibodies. Considering the site of spike furin cleavage and SARS-CoV-2 egress remains uncertain, the experimental strategy pursued here revealed novel mechanistic insights into proteolytic processing of the spike protein, which suggest that processing does not occur in the constitutive secretory pathway. Furthermore, our results show blockade of furin-mediated cleavage of the spike protein for membrane fusion activation and virus host-cell entry function. These findings provide an alternate insight of targeting applicability to SARS-CoV-2 and the future coronaviridae family members, exploiting the host protease system to gain cellular entry and subsequent chain of infections. IMPORTANCE Since its emergence in December 2019, COVID-19 has remained a global economic and health threat. Although RNA and DNA vector-based vaccines induced antibody response and immunological memory have proven highly effective against hospitalization and mortality, their long-term efficacy remains unknown against continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. As host cell-enriched furin-mediated cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is critical for viral entry and chain of the infection cycle, the solution described here of an antibody Fc-conjugated furin competing peptide is significant. In a scenario where spike mutational drifts do not interfere with the Fc-conjugated antibody's epitope, the proposed furin competing strategy confers a broad-spectrum targeting design to impede the production of efficiently transmissible SARS-CoV-2 viral particles. In addition, the proposed approach is plug-and-play against other potentially deadly viruses that exploit secretory pathway independent host protease machinery to gain cellular entry and subsequent transmissions to host cells.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8826744/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
214372	905	변종	clinical	Term	clinical	abstract	객관적인	8802	10.1128/Spectrum.00312-21	Understanding the Barriers to Pooled SARS-CoV-2 Testing in the United States	Eli P. Fenichel@@@R. Tobias Koch@@@Anna Gilbert@@@Gregg Gonsalves@@@Anne L. Wyllie	202108	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection is instrumental for increasing test capacity while decreasing test cost. Pooled testing programs permit sustainable, long-term surveillance measures, which are essential for the early detection of virus resurgence in communities or the emergence of variants of concern. While numerous pooled approaches have been proposed to increase test capacity, uptake by laboratories has been limited. On 9 December 2020, we invited 362 U.S. laboratories that inquired about the Yale School of Public Health SalivaDirect test to participate in a survey to evaluate testing constraints and pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The survey was distributed using Qualtrics, and three reminders were sent. The survey closed on 21 January 2021. Of 93 responses received (25.7% response rate), 90 were from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratories conducting SARS-CoV-2 testing. The remaining three were excluded from the analyses. Responses indicated that the major barriers to the uptake of pooled testing in the United States may not simply be the number of tests a laboratory can process per day, but rather the lack of clear protocols and adequate resources; laboratories are working with fixed physical and human capital constraints. Importantly, laboratories across the country are heterogeneous in infrastructure and workflow. The need for SARS-CoV-2 testing will remain for years to come. Testing programs can be maintained through pooled PCR testing strategies, and while statisticians, operations researchers, and others with expertise in sampling design have important value to add, laboratories require support on how to transition from traditional diagnostic testing to pooled surveillance. IMPORTANCE While numerous pooled SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches have been described in an effort to increase testing capacity and decrease test prices, uptake by laboratories has been limited. Responses to our survey of United States-based laboratories highlight the importance of consulting end-users?those that solutions are being designed for?so challenges can be addressed in a manner tailored to meet the specific needs out in the field. It may be surprising to those designing pooled testing strategies to learn that laboratories view pooling as more time-consuming than testing samples individually, and therefore that it is thought to create delays in test reporting.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8552767/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
219878	905	변종	BNT162b2	Drug	bnt162b2	abstract	바이오엔텍 백신	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
219892	905	변종	first dose	Term	first dose	abstract	None	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
219934	905	변종	SARS-CoV-2 vaccine	Drug	sars-cov-2 vaccine	abstract	SARS-COV-2 백신	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
210980	905	변종	pandemic	Term	pandemic	title	범유행_전염병	8509	10.1002/jmv.26067	Ratcheting down the virulence of SARS?CoV?2 in the COVID?19 pandemic	Adam Brufsky@@@Michael T. Lotze	202006	Letter to the Editor	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7283725/	274	0146-6615	Journal of medical virology	New York Ny : Wiley-Liss.	2.65600
212701	905	변종	carrier state	Term	carrier state	author	보균상태	8730	10.1128/mSphere.00019-21	Shedding of Viable Virus in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Carriers	Takayuki Murata@@@Aki Sakurai@@@Masahiro Suzuki@@@Satoshi Komoto@@@Tomihiko Ide@@@Takuma Ishihara@@@Yohei Doi	202105	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Information regarding the infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic carriers is scarce. In order to determine the duration of infectivity and its correlation with reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) results and time since initial positive PCR test in this population, we evaluated SARS-CoV-2 cell infectivity in nasopharyngeal samples longitudinally obtained from asymptomatic carriers who disembarked from a cruise ship during a COVID-19 outbreak. Of 166 nasopharyngeal samples collected from 39 asymptomatic carriers every 48?h until two consecutive negative PCR test results were obtained, SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated from 9 PCR-positive samples which were obtained from 7 persons (18%; 7/39). Viable viruses were isolated predominantly within 7?days after the initial positive PCR test, except for one person who shed viable virus until day 15. The median crossing point (Cp) value of RT-PCR of culture-positive samples was 24.6 (interquartile range [IQR], 20.4 to 25.8; range, 17.9 to 30.3), and Cp values were significantly associated with isolation of viable virus (odds ratio, 0.496; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.329 to 0.747; P value, 0.001), which was consistent with existing data for symptomatic patients. Genome sequence analysis of SARS-CoV-2 samples consecutively obtained from a person who shed viable virus for 15?days identified the emergence of two novel single nucleotide variants (C8626T transition and C18452T transition) in the sample collected on day 15, with the latter corresponding to an amino acid substitution in nonstructural protein 14. The impact of these mutations on prolonged viable-virus shedding is unclear. These findings underscore the potential role of asymptomatic carriers in transmission. IMPORTANCE A growing number of studies suggest the potential role of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers as a major driver of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, virological assessment of asymptomatic infection has largely been limited to reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), which can be persistently positive without necessarily indicating the presence of viable virus (e.g., replication-competent virus). Here, we evaluated the infectivity of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers by detecting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects on Vero cells using longitudinally obtained nasopharyngeal samples from asymptomatic carriers. We show that asymptomatic carriers can shed viable virus until 7?days after the initial positive PCR test, with one outlier shedding until day 15. The crossing point (Cp) value of RT-PCR was the leading predictive factor for virus viability. These findings provide additional insights into the role of asymptomatic carriers as a source of transmission and highlight the importance of universal source control measures, along with isolation policy for asymptomatic carriers.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8265619/	699	2379-5042	mSphere	Washington, DC : American Society for Microbiology
212288	905	변종	tongue	Organ	tongue	abstract	혀	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212238	905	변종	enanthema	Term	enanthema	abstract	None	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212244	905	변종	Health Organization	Term	health organization	abstract	None	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212247	905	변종	Hypogeusia	Disease	hypogeusia	abstract	None	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212270	905	변종	pandemic	Term	pandemic	author	범유행_전염병	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212273	905	변종	petechiae	Term	petechiae	abstract	None	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212276	905	변종	Repercussion	Term	repercussion	title	None	8634	10.3390/medicina57111189	COVID-19 and Its Repercussions on Oral Health: A Review	Laura-Cristina Rusu@@@Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean@@@Codruta Victoria Tigmeanu@@@Anamaria Matichescu@@@Iulia Sauciur@@@Emanuel Adrian Bratu	202111	Review	PMC	In 2019, a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causing agent of COVID-19, was first detected in Wuhan, China. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. The manifestations of COVID-19 are mostly age-dependent and potentially more severe in cases with involved co-morbidities. The gravity of the symptoms depends on the clinical stage of the infection. The most common symptoms include runny nose and nasal congestion, anosmia, dysgeusia or hypogeusia, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, respiratory distress, fatigue, ocular symptoms, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These systemic conditions are often accompanied by skin and mucosal lesions. Oral lesions reported in patients with COVID-19 include: herpex simplex, candidiasis, geographic tongue, aphthous-like ulcers, hemorrhagic ulcerations, necrotic ulcerations, white hairy tongue, reddish macules, erythematous surfaces, petechiae, and pustular enanthema. It is still unclear if these manifestations are a direct result of the viral infection, a consequence of systemic deterioration, or adverse reactions to treatments. Poor oral hygiene in hospitalized or quarantined COVID-19 patients should also be considered as an aggravating condition. This narrative review is focused on presenting the most relevant data from the literature regarding oral manifestations related to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the challenges faced by the dental system during this pandemic. A routine intraoral examination is recommended in COVID-19 patients, either suspected or confirmed, as, in certain cases, oral manifestations represent a sign of severe infection or even of a life-threatening condition. It is our belief that extensive knowledge of all possible manifestations, including oral lesions, in cases of COVID-19 is of great importance in the present uncertain context, including new, currently emerging viral variants with unknown future impact.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8619825/	176	1010-660X	Medicina	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI.
212383	905	변종	Gymnastics	Term	gymnastic	title	None	8662	10.15585/mmwr.mm7028e2	SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with a Gymnastics Facility ? Oklahoma, April?May 2021	Kendra Dougherty@@@Mike Mannell@@@Ozair Naqvi@@@Dakota Matson@@@Jolianne Stone	202107	Full Report	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314708/	511	0149-2195	Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report	Atlanta, GA : U.S. Centers for Disease Control.
214497	905	변종	N501Y	Protein	n501y	abstract	N501Y	8810	10.1128/Spectrum.01017-21	CRISPR-Cas12a-Based Detection for the Major SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern	Yuanhao Liang@@@Hongqing Lin@@@Lirong Zou@@@Jianhui Zhao@@@Baisheng Li@@@Haiying Wang@@@Jing Lu@@@Jiufeng Sun@@@Xingfen Yang@@@Xiaoling Deng@@@Shixing Tang	202111	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT A big challenge for the control of COVID-19 pandemic is the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) or variants of interest (VOIs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may be more transmissible and/or more virulent and could escape immunity obtained through infection or vaccination. A simple and rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 variants is an unmet need and is of great public health importance. In this study, we designed and analytically validated a CRISPR-Cas12a system for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. We further evaluated the combination of ordinary reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and CRISPR-Cas12a to improve the detection sensitivity and developed a universal system by introducing a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) near the target mutation sites through PCR primer design to detect mutations without PAM. Our results indicated that the CRISPR-Cas12a assay could readily detect the signature spike protein mutations (K417N/T, L452R/Q, T478K, E484K/Q, N501Y, and D614G) to distinguish alpha, beta, gamma, delta, kappa, lambda, and epsilon variants of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the open reading frame 8 (ORF8) mutations (T/C substitution at nt28144 and the corresponding change of amino acid L/S) could differentiate L and S lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The low limit of detection could reach 10 copies/reaction. Our assay successfully distinguished 4 SARS-CoV-2 strains of wild type and alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), and delta (B.1.617.2) variants. By testing 32 SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical samples infected with the wild type ( n =?5) and alpha ( n =?11), beta ( n =?8), and delta variants ( n =?8), the concordance between our assay and sequencing was 100%. The CRISPR-based approach is rapid and robust and can be adapted for screening the emerging mutations and immediately implemented in laboratories already performing nucleic acid amplification tests or in resource-limited settings. IMPORTANCE We described CRISPR-Cas12-based multiplex allele-specific assay for rapid SARS-CoV-2 variant genotyping. The new system has the potential to be quickly developed, continuously updated, and easily implemented for screening of SARS-CoV-2 variants in resource-limited settings. This approach can be adapted for emerging mutations and implemented in laboratories already conducting SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests using existing resources and extracted nucleic acid.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8597640/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
214416	905	변종	Surveillance	Term	surveillance	author	감시	8802	10.1128/Spectrum.00312-21	Understanding the Barriers to Pooled SARS-CoV-2 Testing in the United States	Eli P. Fenichel@@@R. Tobias Koch@@@Anna Gilbert@@@Gregg Gonsalves@@@Anne L. Wyllie	202108	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Pooled testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection is instrumental for increasing test capacity while decreasing test cost. Pooled testing programs permit sustainable, long-term surveillance measures, which are essential for the early detection of virus resurgence in communities or the emergence of variants of concern. While numerous pooled approaches have been proposed to increase test capacity, uptake by laboratories has been limited. On 9 December 2020, we invited 362 U.S. laboratories that inquired about the Yale School of Public Health SalivaDirect test to participate in a survey to evaluate testing constraints and pooling strategies for SARS-CoV-2 testing. The survey was distributed using Qualtrics, and three reminders were sent. The survey closed on 21 January 2021. Of 93 responses received (25.7% response rate), 90 were from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-certified laboratories conducting SARS-CoV-2 testing. The remaining three were excluded from the analyses. Responses indicated that the major barriers to the uptake of pooled testing in the United States may not simply be the number of tests a laboratory can process per day, but rather the lack of clear protocols and adequate resources; laboratories are working with fixed physical and human capital constraints. Importantly, laboratories across the country are heterogeneous in infrastructure and workflow. The need for SARS-CoV-2 testing will remain for years to come. Testing programs can be maintained through pooled PCR testing strategies, and while statisticians, operations researchers, and others with expertise in sampling design have important value to add, laboratories require support on how to transition from traditional diagnostic testing to pooled surveillance. IMPORTANCE While numerous pooled SARS-CoV-2 testing approaches have been described in an effort to increase testing capacity and decrease test prices, uptake by laboratories has been limited. Responses to our survey of United States-based laboratories highlight the importance of consulting end-users?those that solutions are being designed for?so challenges can be addressed in a manner tailored to meet the specific needs out in the field. It may be surprising to those designing pooled testing strategies to learn that laboratories view pooling as more time-consuming than testing samples individually, and therefore that it is thought to create delays in test reporting.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8552767/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
220524	905	변종	vaccination	Term	vaccination	abstract	백신 접종	9225	10.2196/30642	COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Building a Public Twitter Data Set of Antivaccine Content, Vaccine Misinformation, and Conspiracies	Goran Muric@@@Yusong Wu@@@Emilio Ferrara	202111	Original Paper	PMC	Background False claims about COVID-19 vaccines can undermine public trust in ongoing vaccination campaigns, posing a threat to global public health. Misinformation originating from various sources has been spreading on the web since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Antivaccine activists have also begun to use platforms such as Twitter to promote their views. To properly understand the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy through the lens of social media, it is of great importance to gather the relevant data. Objective In this paper, we describe a data set of Twitter posts and Twitter accounts that publicly exhibit a strong antivaccine stance. The data set is made available to the research community via our AvaxTweets data set GitHub repository. We characterize the collected accounts in terms of prominent hashtags, shared news sources, and most likely political leaning. Methods We started the ongoing data collection on October 18, 2020, leveraging the Twitter streaming application programming interface (API) to follow a set of specific antivaccine-related keywords. Then, we collected the historical tweets of the set of accounts that engaged in spreading antivaccination narratives between October 2020 and December 2020, leveraging the Academic Track Twitter API. The political leaning of the accounts was estimated by measuring the political bias of the media outlets they shared. Results We gathered two curated Twitter data collections and made them publicly available: (1) a streaming keyword?centered data collection with more than 1.8 million tweets, and (2) a historical account?level data collection with more than 135 million tweets. The accounts engaged in the antivaccination narratives lean to the right (conservative) direction of the political spectrum. The vaccine hesitancy is fueled by misinformation originating from websites with already questionable credibility. Conclusions The vaccine-related misinformation on social media may exacerbate the levels of vaccine hesitancy, hampering progress toward vaccine-induced herd immunity, and could potentially increase the number of infections related to new COVID-19 variants. For these reasons, understanding vaccine hesitancy through the lens of social media is of paramount importance. Because data access is the first obstacle to attain this goal, we published a data set that can be used in studying antivaccine misinformation on social media and enable a better understanding of vaccine hesitancy.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694238/	190	2369-2960	JMIR Public Health and Surveillance	Toronto : JMIR Publications
219897	905	변종	health-care	Term	health-care	title,abstract	None	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
219898	905	변종	hospital	Institution	hospital	abstract	병원	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
219926	905	변종	Pfizer?BioNTech	Institution	pfizer?biontech	abstract	None	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
230053	905	변종	viral vectors	Term	viral vector	abstract	바이러스 벡터	10324	10.3389/fimmu.2021.729251	COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Analysis	Clio Bilotta@@@Giulio Perrone@@@Valeria Adelfio@@@Giovanni Francesco Spatola@@@Maria Laura Uzzo@@@Antonina Argo@@@Stefania Zerbo	202111	Immunology	PMC	Introduction The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on March 11, 2020. Two vaccine types were developed using two different technologies: viral vectors and mRNA. Thrombosis is one of the most severe and atypical adverse effects of vaccines. This study aimed to analyze published cases of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccinations to identify patients’ features, potential pathophysiological mechanisms, timing of appearance of the adverse events, and other critical issues. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic electronic search of scientific articles regarding COVID-19 vaccine-related thrombosis and its complications on the PubMed (MEDLINE) database and through manual searches. We selected 10 out of 50 articles from February 1 to May 5, 2021 and performed a descriptive analysis of the adverse events caused by the mRNA-based Pfizer and Moderna vaccines and the adenovirus-based AstraZeneca vaccine. Results In the articles on the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, the sample consisted of three male patients with age heterogeneity. The time from vaccination to admission was ≤3 days in all cases; all patients presented signs of petechiae/purpura at admission, with a low platelet count. In the studies on the AstraZeneca vaccine, the sample consisted of 58 individuals with a high age heterogeneity and a high female prevalence. Symptoms appeared around the ninth day, and headache was the most common symptom. The platelet count was below the lower limit of the normal range. All patients except one were positive for PF4 antibodies. The cerebral venous sinus was the most affected site. Death was the most prevalent outcome in all studies, except for one study in which most of the patients remained alive. Discussion Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is an unknown nosological phenomenon secondary to inoculation with the COVID-19 vaccine. Several hypotheses have been formulated regarding its physiopathological mechanism. Recent studies have assumed a mechanism that is assimilable to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, with protagonist antibodies against the PF4?polyanion complex. Viral DNA has a negative charge and can bind to PF4, causing VITT. New experimental studies have assumed that thrombosis is related to a soluble adenoviral protein spike variant, originating from splicing events, which cause important endothelial inflammatory events, and binding to endothelial cells expressing ACE2. Conclusion Further studies are needed to better identify VITT’s pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic, demographic, or clinical predisposition of high-risk patients, to investigate the correlation of VITT with the different vaccine types, and to test the significance of the findings.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8666479/	109	1664-3224	Frontiers in Immunology	[Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation].
219703	905	변종	CIDO	Term	cido	author	사이도	9184	10.1186/s13326-021-00250-4	CIDO ontology updates and secondary analysis of host responses to COVID-19 infection based on ImmPort reports and literature	Anthony Huffman@@@Anna Maria Masci@@@Jie Zheng@@@Nasim Sanati@@@Timothy Brunson@@@Guanming Wu@@@Yongqun He	202108	Research	PMC	Background With COVID-19 still in its pandemic stage, extensive research has generated increasing amounts of data and knowledge. As many studies are published within a short span of time, we often lose an integrative and comprehensive picture of host-coronavirus interaction (HCI) mechanisms. As of early April 2021, the ImmPort database has stored 7 studies (with 6 having details) that cover topics including molecular immune signatures, epitopes, and sex differences in terms of mortality in COVID-19 patients. The Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO) represents basic HCI information. We hypothesize that the CIDO can be used as the platform to represent newly recorded information from ImmPort leading the reinforcement of CIDO. Methods The CIDO was used as the semantic platform for logically modeling and representing newly identified knowledge reported in the 6 ImmPort studies. A recursive eXtensible Ontology Development (XOD) strategy was established to support the CIDO representation and enhancement. Secondary data analysis was also performed to analyze different aspects of the HCI from these ImmPort studies and other related literature reports. Results The topics covered by the 6 ImmPort papers were identified to overlap with existing CIDO representation. SARS-CoV-2 viral S protein related HCI knowledge was emphasized for CIDO modeling, including its binding with ACE2, mutations causing different variants, and epitope homology by comparison with other coronavirus S proteins. Different types of cytokine signatures were also identified and added to CIDO. Our secondary analysis of two cohort COVID-19 studies with cytokine panel detection found that a total of 11 cytokines were up-regulated in female patients after infection and 8 cytokines in male patients. These sex-specific gene responses were newly modeled and represented in CIDO. A new DL query was generated to demonstrate the benefits of such integrative ontology representation. Furthermore, IL-10 signaling pathway was found to be statistically significant for both male patients and female patients. Conclusion Using the recursive XOD strategy, six new?ImmPort COVID-19 studies were systematically reviewed, the results were modeled and represented in CIDO, leading to the enhancement of CIDO. The enhanced ontology and further seconary analysis supported more comprehensive understanding of the?molecular mechanism?of host responses to COVID-19 infection.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400831/	753	2041-1480	Journal of Biomedical Semantics	[London] : Biomed Central
219712	905	변종	Cytokines	Protein	cytokine	abstract	시토카인	9184	10.1186/s13326-021-00250-4	CIDO ontology updates and secondary analysis of host responses to COVID-19 infection based on ImmPort reports and literature	Anthony Huffman@@@Anna Maria Masci@@@Jie Zheng@@@Nasim Sanati@@@Timothy Brunson@@@Guanming Wu@@@Yongqun He	202108	Research	PMC	Background With COVID-19 still in its pandemic stage, extensive research has generated increasing amounts of data and knowledge. As many studies are published within a short span of time, we often lose an integrative and comprehensive picture of host-coronavirus interaction (HCI) mechanisms. As of early April 2021, the ImmPort database has stored 7 studies (with 6 having details) that cover topics including molecular immune signatures, epitopes, and sex differences in terms of mortality in COVID-19 patients. The Coronavirus Infectious Disease Ontology (CIDO) represents basic HCI information. We hypothesize that the CIDO can be used as the platform to represent newly recorded information from ImmPort leading the reinforcement of CIDO. Methods The CIDO was used as the semantic platform for logically modeling and representing newly identified knowledge reported in the 6 ImmPort studies. A recursive eXtensible Ontology Development (XOD) strategy was established to support the CIDO representation and enhancement. Secondary data analysis was also performed to analyze different aspects of the HCI from these ImmPort studies and other related literature reports. Results The topics covered by the 6 ImmPort papers were identified to overlap with existing CIDO representation. SARS-CoV-2 viral S protein related HCI knowledge was emphasized for CIDO modeling, including its binding with ACE2, mutations causing different variants, and epitope homology by comparison with other coronavirus S proteins. Different types of cytokine signatures were also identified and added to CIDO. Our secondary analysis of two cohort COVID-19 studies with cytokine panel detection found that a total of 11 cytokines were up-regulated in female patients after infection and 8 cytokines in male patients. These sex-specific gene responses were newly modeled and represented in CIDO. A new DL query was generated to demonstrate the benefits of such integrative ontology representation. Furthermore, IL-10 signaling pathway was found to be statistically significant for both male patients and female patients. Conclusion Using the recursive XOD strategy, six new?ImmPort COVID-19 studies were systematically reviewed, the results were modeled and represented in CIDO, leading to the enhancement of CIDO. The enhanced ontology and further seconary analysis supported more comprehensive understanding of the?molecular mechanism?of host responses to COVID-19 infection.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400831/	753	2041-1480	Journal of Biomedical Semantics	[London] : Biomed Central
219928	905	변종	prospective cohort study	Term	prospective cohort study	title,abstract	전향적 코호트 연구	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
219931	905	변종	response	Term	response	abstract	반응	9191	10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5	T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study		202201	Multicenter Study	PMC	Summary Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer?BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3?4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232?285). At 28 days (IQR 27?33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150?461] vs 55 [IQR 24?132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 10 6 PBMCs; p<0·0001). With cryopreserved PBMCs, the T-cell response in previously infected individuals (n=52) after one vaccine dose was equivalent to that of infection-naive individuals (n=19) after receiving two vaccine doses (median 152 [IQR 119?275] vs 162 [104?258] SFUs/10 6 PBMCs; p=1·00). Anti-spike IgG antibody responses following a single dose in 142 previously infected health-care workers (median 270?373 [IQR 203?461?535?188] antibody units [AU] per mL) were higher than in 111 infection-naive health-care workers following one dose (35?001 [17?099?55?341] AU/mL; p<0·0001) and higher than in 25 infection-naive individuals given two doses (180?904 [108?221?242?467] AU/mL; p<0·0001). Interpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8577846/	512	2666-5247	The Lancet. Microbe	[Oxford] : Elsevier Ltd.	13.31300
220487	905	변종	conspiracy	Term	conspiracy	author	음모	9225	10.2196/30642	COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Social Media: Building a Public Twitter Data Set of Antivaccine Content, Vaccine Misinformation, and Conspiracies	Goran Muric@@@Yusong Wu@@@Emilio Ferrara	202111	Original Paper	PMC	Background False claims about COVID-19 vaccines can undermine public trust in ongoing vaccination campaigns, posing a threat to global public health. Misinformation originating from various sources has been spreading on the web since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Antivaccine activists have also begun to use platforms such as Twitter to promote their views. To properly understand the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy through the lens of social media, it is of great importance to gather the relevant data. Objective In this paper, we describe a data set of Twitter posts and Twitter accounts that publicly exhibit a strong antivaccine stance. The data set is made available to the research community via our AvaxTweets data set GitHub repository. We characterize the collected accounts in terms of prominent hashtags, shared news sources, and most likely political leaning. Methods We started the ongoing data collection on October 18, 2020, leveraging the Twitter streaming application programming interface (API) to follow a set of specific antivaccine-related keywords. Then, we collected the historical tweets of the set of accounts that engaged in spreading antivaccination narratives between October 2020 and December 2020, leveraging the Academic Track Twitter API. The political leaning of the accounts was estimated by measuring the political bias of the media outlets they shared. Results We gathered two curated Twitter data collections and made them publicly available: (1) a streaming keyword?centered data collection with more than 1.8 million tweets, and (2) a historical account?level data collection with more than 135 million tweets. The accounts engaged in the antivaccination narratives lean to the right (conservative) direction of the political spectrum. The vaccine hesitancy is fueled by misinformation originating from websites with already questionable credibility. Conclusions The vaccine-related misinformation on social media may exacerbate the levels of vaccine hesitancy, hampering progress toward vaccine-induced herd immunity, and could potentially increase the number of infections related to new COVID-19 variants. For these reasons, understanding vaccine hesitancy through the lens of social media is of paramount importance. Because data access is the first obstacle to attain this goal, we published a data set that can be used in studying antivaccine misinformation on social media and enable a better understanding of vaccine hesitancy.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8694238/	190	2369-2960	JMIR Public Health and Surveillance	Toronto : JMIR Publications
220824	905	변종	SARS‐CoV‐2	Virus	sars?cov?2	author	SARS ‐ COV ‐ 2	9261	10.1002/jia2.25882	Mitigation strategies to safely conduct HIV treatment research in the context of COVID?19	Merle Henderson@@@Sarah Fidler@@@Beatriz Mothe@@@Beatriz Grinsztejn@@@Bridget Haire@@@Simon Collins@@@Jillian S. Y. Lau@@@Maureen Luba@@@Ian Sanne@@@Roger Tatoud@@@Steve Deeks@@@Sharon R. Lewin	202202	Commentary	PMC	Abstract Introduction The International AIDS Society convened a multidisciplinary committee of experts in December 2020 to provide guidance and key considerations for the safe and ethical management of clinical trials involving people living with HIV (PLWH) during the SARS?CoV?2 pandemic. This consultation did not discuss guidance for the design of prevention studies for people at risk of HIV acquisition, nor for the programmatic delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Discussion There is strong ambition to continue with HIV research from both PLWH and the research community despite the ongoing SARS?CoV?2 pandemic. How to do this safely and justly remains a critical debate. The SARS?CoV?2 pandemic continues to be highly dynamic. It is expected that with the emergence of effective SARS?CoV?2 prevention and treatment strategies, the risk to PLWH in clinical trials will decline over time. However, with the emergence of more contagious and potentially pathogenic SARS?CoV?2 variants, the effectiveness of current prevention and treatment strategies may be compromised. Uncertainty exists about how equally SARS?CoV?2 prevention and treatment strategies will be available globally, particularly for marginalized populations, many of whom are at high risk of reduced access to ART and/or HIV disease progression. All of these factors must be taken into account when deciding on the feasibility and safety of developing and implementing HIV research. Conclusions It can be assumed for the foreseeable future that SARS?CoV?2 will persist and continue to pose challenges to conducting clinical research in PLWH. Guidelines regarding how best to implement HIV treatment studies will evolve accordingly. The risks and benefits of performing an HIV clinical trial must be carefully evaluated in the local context on an ongoing basis. With this document, we hope to provide a broad guidance that should remain viable and relevant even as the nature of the pandemic continues to develop.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8826545/	762	1758-2652	Journal of the International AIDS Society	Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
223332	905	변종	NF-kB pathway	Term	nf-kb pathway	abstract	None	9409	10.1080/22221751.2021.1872351	Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 deletion variants detected in a nosocomial cluster during routine genomic surveillance, Lyon, France	Gr?gory Qu?rom?s@@@Gr?gory Destras@@@Antonin Bal@@@Hadrien Regue@@@Gwendolyne Burfin@@@Solenne Brun@@@R?mi Fanget@@@Florence Morfin@@@Martine Valette@@@Sophie Trouillet-Assant@@@Bruno Lina@@@Emilie Frobert@@@Laurence Josset	202101	Coronaviruses	PMC	ABSTRACT During routine molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 performed at the National Reference Center of Respiratory Viruses (Lyon, France) ( n = 229 sequences collected February?April 2020), two frameshifting deletions were detected in the open reading frame 6, at the same position (27267). While a 26-nucleotide deletion variant (D26) was only found in one nasopharyngeal sample in March 2020, the 34-nucleotide deletion (D34) was found within a single geriatric hospital unit in 5/9 patients and one health care worker in April 2020. Phylogeny analysis strongly suggested a nosocomial transmission of D34, with potential fecal transmission, as also identified in a stool sample. No difference in disease severity was observed between patients hospitalized in the geriatric unit infected with WT or D34. In vitro D26 and D34 characterization revealed comparable replication kinetics with the wild-type (WT), but differential host immune responses. While interferon-stimulated genes were similarly upregulated after infection with WT and ORF6 variants, the latter specifically induced overexpression of 9 genes coding for inflammatory cytokines in the NF-kB pathway, including CCL2/MCP1 , PTX3 , and TNFα , for which high plasma levels have been associated with severe COVID-19. Our findings emphasize the need to monitor the occurrence of ORF6 deletions and assess their impact on the host immune response.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7850418/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
229828	905	변종	Idiopathic intracranial hypertension	Term	idiopathic intracranial hypertension	author	None	9806	10.1017/cjn.2021.129	Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Associated with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Variant of Concern	Muhammad Faran Khalid@@@Jonathan A. Micieli	202106	Letter to the Editor	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314070/	808	0317-1671	The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le	Cambridge : published by Cambridge University Press for the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation.
229829	905	변종	Intracranial	Term	intracranial	title	두개내의	9806	10.1017/cjn.2021.129	Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Associated with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Variant of Concern	Muhammad Faran Khalid@@@Jonathan A. Micieli	202106	Letter to the Editor	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8314070/	808	0317-1671	The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le	Cambridge : published by Cambridge University Press for the Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation.
221267	905	변종	pandemic	Term	pandemic	title	범유행_전염병	9302	10.3325/cmj.2020.61.525	Does the CCR5-Δ32 mutation explain the variable coronavirus-2019 pandemic statistics in Europe?	Nada Star?evi? ?izmarevi?@@@Marin Tota@@@Smiljana Risti?	202012	Comment	PMC		https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7821361/	769	0353-9504	Croatian Medical Journal	Zagreb : Medicinska Naklada.
233016	905	변종	death	Term	death	abstract	사망	10031	10.3389/fpubh.2020.608765	Can ACE2 Receptor Polymorphism Predict Species Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2?	Christian A. Devaux@@@Lucile Pinault@@@Ikram Omar Osman@@@Didier Raoult	202102	Public Health	PMC	A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide, causing more than 1.3 million deaths in 11 months. Similar to the human SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 shares strong sequence homologies with a sarbecovirus circulating in Rhinolophus affinis bats. Because bats are expected to be able to transmit their coronaviruses to intermediate animal hosts that in turn are a source of viruses able to cross species barriers and infect humans (so-called spillover model), the identification of an intermediate animal reservoir was the subject of intense researches. It was claimed that a reptile ( Ophiophagus hannah ) was the intermediate host. This hypothesis was quickly ruled out and replaced by the pangolin ( Manis javanica ) hypothesis. Yet, pangolin was also recently exonerated from SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans, leaving other animal species as presumed guilty. Guided by the spillover model, several laboratories investigated in silico the species polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to find the best fits with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding site. Following the same strategy, we used multi-sequence alignment, 3-D structure analysis, and electrostatic potential surface generation of ACE2 variants to predict their binding capacity to SARS-CoV-2. We report evidence that such simple in silico investigation is a powerful tool to quickly screen which species are potentially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. However, possible receptor binding does not necessarily lead to successful replication in host. Therefore, we also discuss here the limitations of these in silico approaches in our quest on the origins of COVID-19 pandemic.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902720/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
222480	905	변종	SARS-CoV-2 variant	Virus	sars-cov-2 variant	abstract	SARS-COV-2 변형	9387	10.1080/22221751.2020.1844552	Massive dissemination of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike Y839 variant in Portugal		202011	Research Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 was rapidly implemented in Portugal by the National Institute of Health in collaboration with a nationwide consortium of >50 hospitals/laboratories. Here, we track the geotemporal spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with a mutation (D839Y) in a potential host-interacting region involving the Spike fusion peptide, which is a target motif of anti-viral drugs that plays a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. The Spike Y839 variant was most likely imported from Italy in mid-late February and massively disseminated in Portugal during the early epidemic, becoming prevalent in the Northern and Central regions of Portugal where it represented 22% and 59% of the sampled genomes, respectively, by 30 April. Based on our high sequencing sampling during the early epidemics [15.5% (1275/8251) and 6.0% (1500/24987) of all confirmed cases until the end of March and April, respectively], we estimate that, between 14 March and 9 April (covering the epidemic exponential phase) the relative frequency of the Spike Y839 variant increased at a rate of 12.1% (6.1%?18.2%, CI 95%) every three days, being potentially associated with 24.8% (20.8?29.7%, CI 95%; 3177?4542 cases, CI 95%) of all COVID-19 cases in Portugal during this period. Our data supports population/epidemiological (founder) effects contributing to the Y839 variant superspread. The potential existence of selective advantage is also discussed, although experimental validation is required. Despite huge differences in genome sampling worldwide, SARS-CoV-2 Spike D839Y has been detected in 13 countries in four continents, supporting the need for close surveillance and functional assays of Spike variants.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7717510/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222320	905	변종	Complete	Term	complete	abstract	abnormality	9383	10.1080/22221751.2021.2011617	A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain)	Cristina Andr?s@@@Maria Pi?ana@@@Blanca Borr?s-Bermejo@@@Alejandra Gonz?lez-S?nchez@@@Damir Garc?a-Cehic@@@Juliana Esperalba@@@Ariadna Rando@@@Ricardo-Gabriel Zules-O?a@@@Carolina Campos@@@Maria Gema Codina@@@Albert Blanco-Grau@@@Sergi Colomer-Castell@@@Maria Carmen Mart?n@@@Carla Castillo@@@Karen Garc?a-Comu?as@@@Rodrigo V?squez-Mercado@@@Reginaldo Martins-Martins@@@Narc?s Saubi@@@Magda Campins-Mart?@@@Tom?s Pumarola@@@Josep Quer@@@Andr?s Ant?n	202201	Coronaviruses	PMC	ABSTRACT Herein, we describe the genetic diversity of circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain) throughout the first four pandemic waves. From weeks 11/2020?24/2021, SARS-CoV-2-positive respiratory samples were randomly selected per clinical setting (80% from primary care or 20% from the hospital), age group, and week. WGS was performed following the ARTICv3 protocol on MiSeq or NextSeq2000 Illumina platforms. Nearly complete consensus sequences were used for genetic characterization based on GISAID and PANGOLIN nomenclatures. From 2475 samples, 2166 (87%) were fully sequenced (78% from primary care and 22% from hospital settings). Multiple genetic lineages were co-circulating, but four were predominant at different periods. While B.1.5 (50.68%) and B.1.1 (32.88%) were the major lineages during the first pandemic wave, B.1.177 (66.85%) and B.1.1.7 (83.80%) were predominant during the second, third, and fourth waves, respectively. Almost all (96.4%) were carrying D614G mutation in the S protein, with additional mutations that define lineages or variants. But some mutations of concern, such as E484K from B.1.351 and P.1 lineages are currently under monitoring, together with those observed in the receptor-binding domain or N-terminal domain, such as L452R and T478K from B.1.617.2 lineage. The fact that a predominant lineage was observed in each pandemic wave suggests advantageous properties over other contemporary co-circulating variants. This genetic variability should be monitored, especially when a massive vaccination campaign is ongoing because the potential selection and emergence of novel antigenic SARS-CoV-2 strains related to immunological escapement events.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8741249/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
226339	905	변종	individuals	Patient	individual	abstract	None	9671	10.7554/eLife.72619	mRNA vaccine-induced T cells respond identically to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern but differ in longevity and homing properties depending on prior infection status	Jason Neidleman@@@Xiaoyu Luo@@@Matthew McGregor@@@Guorui Xie@@@Victoria Murray@@@Warner C Greene@@@Sulggi A Lee@@@Nadia R Roan	202110	Research Article	PMC	While mRNA vaccines are proving highly efficacious against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to determine how booster doses and prior infection influence the immune defense they elicit, and whether they protect against variants. Focusing on the T cell response, we conducted a longitudinal study of infection-na?ve and COVID-19 convalescent donors before vaccination and after their first and second vaccine doses, using a high-parameter CyTOF analysis to phenotype their SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Vaccine-elicited spike-specific T cells responded similarly to stimulation by spike epitopes from the ancestral, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variant strains, both in terms of cell numbers and phenotypes. In infection-na?ve individuals, the second dose boosted the quantity and altered the phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, while in convalescents the second dose changed neither. Spike-specific T cells from convalescent vaccinees differed strikingly from those of infection-na?ve vaccinees, with phenotypic features suggesting superior long-term persistence and ability to home to the respiratory tract including the nasopharynx. These results provide reassurance that vaccine-elicited T cells respond robustly to emerging viral variants, confirm that convalescents may not need a second vaccine dose, and suggest that vaccinated convalescents may have more persistent nasopharynx-homing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells compared to their infection-na?ve counterparts. eLife digest Vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent severe COVID-19. Two doses of mRNA vaccine protect against serious illness caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. They do this, in part, by encouraging the immune system to make specialised proteins known as antibodies that recognise the virus. Most of the vaccine research so far has focussed on these antibodies, but they are only one part of the immune response. Vaccines also activate immune cells called T cells. These cells have two main roles, coordinating the immune response and killing cells infected with viruses. It is likely that they play a key role in preventing severe COVID-19. There are many kinds of T cells, each with a different role. Currently, the identity and characteristics of the T cells that protect against COVID-19 is unclear. Different types of T cells have unique proteins on their surface. Examining these proteins can reveal details about how the T cells work, which part of the virus they recognise, and which part of the body they protect. A tool called cytometry by time of flight allows researchers to measure these proteins, one cell at a time. Using this technique, Neidleman, Luo et al. investigated T cells from 11 people before vaccination and after their first and second doses. Five people had never had COVID-19 before, and six had already recovered from COVID-19. Neidleman, Luo et al. found that the T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2 in the two groups differed. In people who had never had COVID-19 before, the second dose of vaccine improved the quality and quantity of the T cells. The same was not true for people who had already recovered from COVID-19. However, although their T cells did not improve further after a second vaccine dose, they did show signs that they might offer more protection overall. The proteins on the cells suggest that they might last longer, and that they might specifically protect the nose, throat and lungs. Neidleman, Luo et al. also found that, for both groups, T cells activated by vaccination responded in the same way to different variants of the virus. This work highlights the importance of getting both vaccine doses for people who have never had COVID-19. It also suggests that vaccination in people who have had COVID-19 may generate better T cells. Larger studies could show whether these patterns remain true across the wider population. If so, it is possible that delivering vaccines to the nose or throat could boost immunity by mimicking natural infection. This might encourage T cells to make the surface proteins that allow them to home to these areas.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8545397/	100	2050-084X	eLife	Cambridge, UK : eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
222239	905	변종	variant	Term	variant	title,abstract	변형	9380	10.1080/22221751.2022.2025747	Genetic analysis of a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant from a Chinese traveller returning from overseas	Hongling Jia@@@Hui Wang@@@Lan Cao@@@Zhisheng Lai@@@Zichun Cheng@@@Qingpei Chen@@@Tongzheng Liu@@@Xiangyi Liu@@@Yanting Wen@@@Conghui Xu@@@Weizhi Lu@@@Guang Yang@@@Deqian Zhou@@@Biao Di@@@Feng Gao@@@Zhicong Yang	202202	Case Reports	PMC	ABSTRACT Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first reported from South Africa, it has rapidly spread in over 100 countries. Only two cases infected by the Omicron variant were recently identified in China. The one case in Guangzhou has a relatively long incubation time and mild symptoms. Analysis of the complete viral genome sequence shows three missing Omicron unique mutations and one additional mutation in the newly characterized genome. These unique mutations may be related to the clinical presentation in this case.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820795/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222240	905	변종	Viral	Term	viral	abstract	바이러스의	9380	10.1080/22221751.2022.2025747	Genetic analysis of a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant from a Chinese traveller returning from overseas	Hongling Jia@@@Hui Wang@@@Lan Cao@@@Zhisheng Lai@@@Zichun Cheng@@@Qingpei Chen@@@Tongzheng Liu@@@Xiangyi Liu@@@Yanting Wen@@@Conghui Xu@@@Weizhi Lu@@@Guang Yang@@@Deqian Zhou@@@Biao Di@@@Feng Gao@@@Zhicong Yang	202202	Case Reports	PMC	ABSTRACT Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first reported from South Africa, it has rapidly spread in over 100 countries. Only two cases infected by the Omicron variant were recently identified in China. The one case in Guangzhou has a relatively long incubation time and mild symptoms. Analysis of the complete viral genome sequence shows three missing Omicron unique mutations and one additional mutation in the newly characterized genome. These unique mutations may be related to the clinical presentation in this case.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820795/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222241	905	변종	viral genome sequence	Term	viral genome sequence	abstract	None	9380	10.1080/22221751.2022.2025747	Genetic analysis of a SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant from a Chinese traveller returning from overseas	Hongling Jia@@@Hui Wang@@@Lan Cao@@@Zhisheng Lai@@@Zichun Cheng@@@Qingpei Chen@@@Tongzheng Liu@@@Xiangyi Liu@@@Yanting Wen@@@Conghui Xu@@@Weizhi Lu@@@Guang Yang@@@Deqian Zhou@@@Biao Di@@@Feng Gao@@@Zhicong Yang	202202	Case Reports	PMC	ABSTRACT Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was first reported from South Africa, it has rapidly spread in over 100 countries. Only two cases infected by the Omicron variant were recently identified in China. The one case in Guangzhou has a relatively long incubation time and mild symptoms. Analysis of the complete viral genome sequence shows three missing Omicron unique mutations and one additional mutation in the newly characterized genome. These unique mutations may be related to the clinical presentation in this case.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820795/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
226342	905	변종	killing	Action	killing	abstract	None	9671	10.7554/eLife.72619	mRNA vaccine-induced T cells respond identically to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern but differ in longevity and homing properties depending on prior infection status	Jason Neidleman@@@Xiaoyu Luo@@@Matthew McGregor@@@Guorui Xie@@@Victoria Murray@@@Warner C Greene@@@Sulggi A Lee@@@Nadia R Roan	202110	Research Article	PMC	While mRNA vaccines are proving highly efficacious against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to determine how booster doses and prior infection influence the immune defense they elicit, and whether they protect against variants. Focusing on the T cell response, we conducted a longitudinal study of infection-na?ve and COVID-19 convalescent donors before vaccination and after their first and second vaccine doses, using a high-parameter CyTOF analysis to phenotype their SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Vaccine-elicited spike-specific T cells responded similarly to stimulation by spike epitopes from the ancestral, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variant strains, both in terms of cell numbers and phenotypes. In infection-na?ve individuals, the second dose boosted the quantity and altered the phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, while in convalescents the second dose changed neither. Spike-specific T cells from convalescent vaccinees differed strikingly from those of infection-na?ve vaccinees, with phenotypic features suggesting superior long-term persistence and ability to home to the respiratory tract including the nasopharynx. These results provide reassurance that vaccine-elicited T cells respond robustly to emerging viral variants, confirm that convalescents may not need a second vaccine dose, and suggest that vaccinated convalescents may have more persistent nasopharynx-homing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells compared to their infection-na?ve counterparts. eLife digest Vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent severe COVID-19. Two doses of mRNA vaccine protect against serious illness caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. They do this, in part, by encouraging the immune system to make specialised proteins known as antibodies that recognise the virus. Most of the vaccine research so far has focussed on these antibodies, but they are only one part of the immune response. Vaccines also activate immune cells called T cells. These cells have two main roles, coordinating the immune response and killing cells infected with viruses. It is likely that they play a key role in preventing severe COVID-19. There are many kinds of T cells, each with a different role. Currently, the identity and characteristics of the T cells that protect against COVID-19 is unclear. Different types of T cells have unique proteins on their surface. Examining these proteins can reveal details about how the T cells work, which part of the virus they recognise, and which part of the body they protect. A tool called cytometry by time of flight allows researchers to measure these proteins, one cell at a time. Using this technique, Neidleman, Luo et al. investigated T cells from 11 people before vaccination and after their first and second doses. Five people had never had COVID-19 before, and six had already recovered from COVID-19. Neidleman, Luo et al. found that the T cells recognizing SARS-CoV-2 in the two groups differed. In people who had never had COVID-19 before, the second dose of vaccine improved the quality and quantity of the T cells. The same was not true for people who had already recovered from COVID-19. However, although their T cells did not improve further after a second vaccine dose, they did show signs that they might offer more protection overall. The proteins on the cells suggest that they might last longer, and that they might specifically protect the nose, throat and lungs. Neidleman, Luo et al. also found that, for both groups, T cells activated by vaccination responded in the same way to different variants of the virus. This work highlights the importance of getting both vaccine doses for people who have never had COVID-19. It also suggests that vaccination in people who have had COVID-19 may generate better T cells. Larger studies could show whether these patterns remain true across the wider population. If so, it is possible that delivering vaccines to the nose or throat could boost immunity by mimicking natural infection. This might encourage T cells to make the surface proteins that allow them to home to these areas.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8545397/	100	2050-084X	eLife	Cambridge, UK : eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
222242	905	변종	acute respiratory syndrome	Disease	acute respiratory syndrome	abstract	None	9381	10.1080/22221751.2021.1964385	Live attenuated coronavirus vaccines deficient in N7-Methyltransferase activity induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice	Zhen Zhang@@@Qianyun Liu@@@Ying Sun@@@Jiali Li@@@Jiejie Liu@@@Ruangang Pan@@@Liu Cao@@@Xianying Chen@@@Yingjian Li@@@Yuzhen Zhang@@@Ke Xu@@@Deyin Guo@@@Li Zhou@@@Ke Lan@@@Yu Chen	202108	Original Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect a variety of hosts, including humans, livestock and companion animals, and pose a serious threat to human health and the economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed millions of people. Unfortunately, effective treatments for CoVs infection are still lacking, suggesting the importance of coronavirus vaccines. Our previous work showed that CoV nonstuctural protein 14 (nsp14) functions as (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase), which is involved in RNA cap formation. Moreover, we found that N7-MTase is well conserved among different CoVs and is a universal target for developing antivirals against CoVs. Here, we show that N7-MTase of CoVs can be an ideal target for designing live attenuated vaccines. Using murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), a representative and well-studied model of coronaviruses, we constructed N7-MTase-deficient recombinant MHV D330A and Y414A. These two mutants are highly attenuated in mice and exhibit similar replication efficiency to the wild-type (WT) virus in the cell culture. Furthermore, a single dose immunization of D330A or Y414A can induce long-term humoral immune responses and robust CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses, which can provide full protection against the challenge of a lethal-dose of MHV-A59. Collectively, this study provides an ideal strategy to design live attenuated vaccines for coronavirus by abolishing viral RNA N7-MTase activity. This approach may apply to other RNA viruses that encode their own conservative viral N7-methyltransferase.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381960/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222331	905	변종	GISAID	Institution	gisaid	abstract	None	9383	10.1080/22221751.2021.2011617	A year living with SARS-CoV-2: an epidemiological overview of viral lineage circulation by whole-genome sequencing in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain)	Cristina Andr?s@@@Maria Pi?ana@@@Blanca Borr?s-Bermejo@@@Alejandra Gonz?lez-S?nchez@@@Damir Garc?a-Cehic@@@Juliana Esperalba@@@Ariadna Rando@@@Ricardo-Gabriel Zules-O?a@@@Carolina Campos@@@Maria Gema Codina@@@Albert Blanco-Grau@@@Sergi Colomer-Castell@@@Maria Carmen Mart?n@@@Carla Castillo@@@Karen Garc?a-Comu?as@@@Rodrigo V?squez-Mercado@@@Reginaldo Martins-Martins@@@Narc?s Saubi@@@Magda Campins-Mart?@@@Tom?s Pumarola@@@Josep Quer@@@Andr?s Ant?n	202201	Coronaviruses	PMC	ABSTRACT Herein, we describe the genetic diversity of circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in Barcelona city (Catalonia, Spain) throughout the first four pandemic waves. From weeks 11/2020?24/2021, SARS-CoV-2-positive respiratory samples were randomly selected per clinical setting (80% from primary care or 20% from the hospital), age group, and week. WGS was performed following the ARTICv3 protocol on MiSeq or NextSeq2000 Illumina platforms. Nearly complete consensus sequences were used for genetic characterization based on GISAID and PANGOLIN nomenclatures. From 2475 samples, 2166 (87%) were fully sequenced (78% from primary care and 22% from hospital settings). Multiple genetic lineages were co-circulating, but four were predominant at different periods. While B.1.5 (50.68%) and B.1.1 (32.88%) were the major lineages during the first pandemic wave, B.1.177 (66.85%) and B.1.1.7 (83.80%) were predominant during the second, third, and fourth waves, respectively. Almost all (96.4%) were carrying D614G mutation in the S protein, with additional mutations that define lineages or variants. But some mutations of concern, such as E484K from B.1.351 and P.1 lineages are currently under monitoring, together with those observed in the receptor-binding domain or N-terminal domain, such as L452R and T478K from B.1.617.2 lineage. The fact that a predominant lineage was observed in each pandemic wave suggests advantageous properties over other contemporary co-circulating variants. This genetic variability should be monitored, especially when a massive vaccination campaign is ongoing because the potential selection and emergence of novel antigenic SARS-CoV-2 strains related to immunological escapement events.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8741249/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222243	905	변종	acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	Virus	acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus	abstract	None	9381	10.1080/22221751.2021.1964385	Live attenuated coronavirus vaccines deficient in N7-Methyltransferase activity induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice	Zhen Zhang@@@Qianyun Liu@@@Ying Sun@@@Jiali Li@@@Jiejie Liu@@@Ruangang Pan@@@Liu Cao@@@Xianying Chen@@@Yingjian Li@@@Yuzhen Zhang@@@Ke Xu@@@Deyin Guo@@@Li Zhou@@@Ke Lan@@@Yu Chen	202108	Original Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect a variety of hosts, including humans, livestock and companion animals, and pose a serious threat to human health and the economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed millions of people. Unfortunately, effective treatments for CoVs infection are still lacking, suggesting the importance of coronavirus vaccines. Our previous work showed that CoV nonstuctural protein 14 (nsp14) functions as (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase), which is involved in RNA cap formation. Moreover, we found that N7-MTase is well conserved among different CoVs and is a universal target for developing antivirals against CoVs. Here, we show that N7-MTase of CoVs can be an ideal target for designing live attenuated vaccines. Using murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), a representative and well-studied model of coronaviruses, we constructed N7-MTase-deficient recombinant MHV D330A and Y414A. These two mutants are highly attenuated in mice and exhibit similar replication efficiency to the wild-type (WT) virus in the cell culture. Furthermore, a single dose immunization of D330A or Y414A can induce long-term humoral immune responses and robust CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses, which can provide full protection against the challenge of a lethal-dose of MHV-A59. Collectively, this study provides an ideal strategy to design live attenuated vaccines for coronavirus by abolishing viral RNA N7-MTase activity. This approach may apply to other RNA viruses that encode their own conservative viral N7-methyltransferase.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381960/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222244	905	변종	acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	Virus	acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	abstract	None	9381	10.1080/22221751.2021.1964385	Live attenuated coronavirus vaccines deficient in N7-Methyltransferase activity induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice	Zhen Zhang@@@Qianyun Liu@@@Ying Sun@@@Jiali Li@@@Jiejie Liu@@@Ruangang Pan@@@Liu Cao@@@Xianying Chen@@@Yingjian Li@@@Yuzhen Zhang@@@Ke Xu@@@Deyin Guo@@@Li Zhou@@@Ke Lan@@@Yu Chen	202108	Original Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect a variety of hosts, including humans, livestock and companion animals, and pose a serious threat to human health and the economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed millions of people. Unfortunately, effective treatments for CoVs infection are still lacking, suggesting the importance of coronavirus vaccines. Our previous work showed that CoV nonstuctural protein 14 (nsp14) functions as (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase), which is involved in RNA cap formation. Moreover, we found that N7-MTase is well conserved among different CoVs and is a universal target for developing antivirals against CoVs. Here, we show that N7-MTase of CoVs can be an ideal target for designing live attenuated vaccines. Using murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), a representative and well-studied model of coronaviruses, we constructed N7-MTase-deficient recombinant MHV D330A and Y414A. These two mutants are highly attenuated in mice and exhibit similar replication efficiency to the wild-type (WT) virus in the cell culture. Furthermore, a single dose immunization of D330A or Y414A can induce long-term humoral immune responses and robust CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses, which can provide full protection against the challenge of a lethal-dose of MHV-A59. Collectively, this study provides an ideal strategy to design live attenuated vaccines for coronavirus by abolishing viral RNA N7-MTase activity. This approach may apply to other RNA viruses that encode their own conservative viral N7-methyltransferase.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381960/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
222250	905	변종	CD4	Gene	cd4	abstract	CD4	9381	10.1080/22221751.2021.1964385	Live attenuated coronavirus vaccines deficient in N7-Methyltransferase activity induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice	Zhen Zhang@@@Qianyun Liu@@@Ying Sun@@@Jiali Li@@@Jiejie Liu@@@Ruangang Pan@@@Liu Cao@@@Xianying Chen@@@Yingjian Li@@@Yuzhen Zhang@@@Ke Xu@@@Deyin Guo@@@Li Zhou@@@Ke Lan@@@Yu Chen	202108	Original Article	PMC	ABSTRACT Coronaviruses (CoVs) can infect a variety of hosts, including humans, livestock and companion animals, and pose a serious threat to human health and the economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed millions of people. Unfortunately, effective treatments for CoVs infection are still lacking, suggesting the importance of coronavirus vaccines. Our previous work showed that CoV nonstuctural protein 14 (nsp14) functions as (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase (N7-MTase), which is involved in RNA cap formation. Moreover, we found that N7-MTase is well conserved among different CoVs and is a universal target for developing antivirals against CoVs. Here, we show that N7-MTase of CoVs can be an ideal target for designing live attenuated vaccines. Using murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), a representative and well-studied model of coronaviruses, we constructed N7-MTase-deficient recombinant MHV D330A and Y414A. These two mutants are highly attenuated in mice and exhibit similar replication efficiency to the wild-type (WT) virus in the cell culture. Furthermore, a single dose immunization of D330A or Y414A can induce long-term humoral immune responses and robust CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses, which can provide full protection against the challenge of a lethal-dose of MHV-A59. Collectively, this study provides an ideal strategy to design live attenuated vaccines for coronavirus by abolishing viral RNA N7-MTase activity. This approach may apply to other RNA viruses that encode their own conservative viral N7-methyltransferase.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8381960/	95	2222-1751	Emerging Microbes & Infections	[Philadelphia, PA] : Taylor & Francis.	3.32200
226572	905	변종	Hospitalized	Term	hospitalized	abstract	입원	9677	10.7554/eLife.73873	Association of lipid-lowering drugs with COVID-19 outcomes from a Mendelian randomization study	Wuqing Huang@@@Jun Xiao@@@Jianguang Ji@@@Liangwan Chen@@@Edward D Janus	202112	Research Article	PMC	Background: Lipid metabolism plays an important role in viral infections. We aimed to assess the causal effect of lipid-lowering drugs (HMGCR inhibitiors, PCSK9 inhibitiors, and NPC1L1 inhibitior) on COVID-19 outcomes using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: We used two kinds of genetic instruments to proxy the exposure of lipid-lowering drugs, including expression quantitative trait loci of drugs target genes, and genetic variants within or nearby drugs target genes associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol from genome-wide association study). Summary-data-based MR (SMR) and inverse-variance-weighted MR (IVW-MR) were used to calculate the effect estimates. Results: SMR analysis found that a higher expression of HMGCR was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06?1.81). Similarly, IVW-MR analysis observed a positive association between HMGCR-mediated LDL cholesterol and COVID-19 hospitalization (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.00?1.74). No consistent evidence from both analyses was found for other associations. Conclusions: This two-sample MR study suggested a potential causal relationship between HMGCR inhibition and the reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Funding: Start-up Fund for high-level talents of Fujian Medical University. eLife digest The virus SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of infections and deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic, but as of December 2021, no new drugs targeted to SARS-CoV-2 specifically exist. Thus, it is important to identify existing drugs that can reduce the infection and mortality of this virus, since repurposing old drugs is faster and cheaper than developing new ones. Fats, such as cholesterol, can play an important role in viral infections, meaning that drugs intended to lower the levels of fats in the blood could have a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. To test this hypothesis, Huang, Xiao, et al. carried out a Mendelian randomization study to investigate if there is a link between drugs that lower fats and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including susceptibility, hospitalization, and severe disease. This approach consists on grouping people according to their version of a particular gene, which minimizes the effect of variables that can cause spurious associations, something known as confounding bias. Thus, Mendelian randomization studies allow scientists to disentangle cause and effect. Using this method, Huang, Xiao, et al. found an association between statins (a type of drug that decreases the levels of bad cholesterol) and a reduced risk of being hospitalized after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. These findings suggest that statins could benefit patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and indicate that they should be prioritized in future clinical trials for treating COVID-19.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8709572/	100	2050-084X	eLife	Cambridge, UK : eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
226231	905	변종	antibody	Protein	antibody	author	항체	9692	10.7554/eLife.64496	Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2	Eric Poeschla	202012	Insight	PMC	Experiments with hybrid viruses are illuminating how SARS-CoV-2 can escape neutralizing antibodies.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7738179/	100	2050-084X	eLife	Cambridge, UK : eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.
229285	905	변종	Respirator	Term	respirator	abstract	None	9789	10.1093/cid/ciab797	Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection		202109	Major Article	PMC	Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks and variants on aerosol shedding are not well understood. Methods We recruited COVID-19 cases to give blood, saliva, mid-turbinate and fomite (phone) swabs, and 30-minute breath samples while vocalizing into a Gesundheit-II, with and without masks at up to two visits two days apart. We quantified and sequenced viral RNA, cultured virus, and assayed sera for anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies. Results We enrolled 49 seronegative cases (mean days post onset 3.8 ±2.1), May 2020 through April 2021. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 45% of fine (≤5 ?m), 31% of coarse (>5 ?m) aerosols, and 65% of fomite samples overall and in all samples from four alpha-variant cases. Masks reduced viral RNA by 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 72%) in fine and by 77% (95% CI, 51 to 89%) in coarse aerosols; cloth and surgical masks were not significantly different. The alpha variant was associated with a 43-fold (95% CI, 6.6 to 280-fold) increase in fine aerosol viral RNA, compared with earlier viruses, that remained a significant 18-fold (95% CI, 3.4 to 92-fold) increase adjusting for viral RNA in saliva, swabs, and other potential confounders. Two fine aerosol samples, collected while participants wore masks, were culture-positive. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 is evolving toward more efficient aerosol generation and loose-fitting masks provide significant but only modest source control. Therefore, until vaccination rates are very high, continued layered controls and tight-fitting masks and respirators will be necessary.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522431/	103	1058-4838	Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publicat	Oxford : Oxford University Press.	4.39400
232589	905	변종	delta variant	Virus	delta variant	author	델타 변형	9992	10.3389/fpubh.2021.744819	Estimating COVID Risk During a Period of Pandemic Decline	Timothy J. J. Inglis@@@Benjamin McFadden@@@Anthony Macali	202112	Public Health	PMC	Background: Many parts of the world that succeeded in suppressing epidemic coronavirus spread in 2020 have been caught out by recent changes in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Australia's early success in suppressing COVID-19 resulted in lengthy periods without community transmission. However, a slow vaccine rollout leaves this geographically isolated population vulnerable to leakage of new variants from quarantine, which requires internal travel restrictions, disruptive lockdowns, contact tracing and testing surges. Methods: To assist long term sustainment of limited public health resources, we sought a method of continuous, real-time COVID-19 risk monitoring that could be used to alert non-specialists to the level of epidemic risk on a sub-national scale. After an exploratory data assessment, we selected four COVID-19 metrics used by public health in their periodic threat assessments, applied a business continuity matrix and derived a numeric indicator; the COVID-19 Risk Estimate (CRE), to generate a daily spot CRE, a 3 day net rise and a seven day rolling average. We used open source data updated daily from all Australian states and territories to monitor the CRE for over a year. Results: Upper and lower CRE thresholds were established for the CRE seven day rolling average, corresponding to risk of sustained and potential outbreak propagation, respectively. These CRE thresholds were used in a real-time map of Australian COVID-19 risk estimate distribution by state and territory. Conclusions: The CRE toolkit we developed complements other COVID-19 risk management techniques and provides an early indication of emerging threats to business continuity.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718641/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
232592	905	변종	epidemic risk	Term	epidemic risk	author	None	9992	10.3389/fpubh.2021.744819	Estimating COVID Risk During a Period of Pandemic Decline	Timothy J. J. Inglis@@@Benjamin McFadden@@@Anthony Macali	202112	Public Health	PMC	Background: Many parts of the world that succeeded in suppressing epidemic coronavirus spread in 2020 have been caught out by recent changes in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Australia's early success in suppressing COVID-19 resulted in lengthy periods without community transmission. However, a slow vaccine rollout leaves this geographically isolated population vulnerable to leakage of new variants from quarantine, which requires internal travel restrictions, disruptive lockdowns, contact tracing and testing surges. Methods: To assist long term sustainment of limited public health resources, we sought a method of continuous, real-time COVID-19 risk monitoring that could be used to alert non-specialists to the level of epidemic risk on a sub-national scale. After an exploratory data assessment, we selected four COVID-19 metrics used by public health in their periodic threat assessments, applied a business continuity matrix and derived a numeric indicator; the COVID-19 Risk Estimate (CRE), to generate a daily spot CRE, a 3 day net rise and a seven day rolling average. We used open source data updated daily from all Australian states and territories to monitor the CRE for over a year. Results: Upper and lower CRE thresholds were established for the CRE seven day rolling average, corresponding to risk of sustained and potential outbreak propagation, respectively. These CRE thresholds were used in a real-time map of Australian COVID-19 risk estimate distribution by state and territory. Conclusions: The CRE toolkit we developed complements other COVID-19 risk management techniques and provides an early indication of emerging threats to business continuity.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718641/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
232607	905	변종	Period	Term	period	title	None	9992	10.3389/fpubh.2021.744819	Estimating COVID Risk During a Period of Pandemic Decline	Timothy J. J. Inglis@@@Benjamin McFadden@@@Anthony Macali	202112	Public Health	PMC	Background: Many parts of the world that succeeded in suppressing epidemic coronavirus spread in 2020 have been caught out by recent changes in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Australia's early success in suppressing COVID-19 resulted in lengthy periods without community transmission. However, a slow vaccine rollout leaves this geographically isolated population vulnerable to leakage of new variants from quarantine, which requires internal travel restrictions, disruptive lockdowns, contact tracing and testing surges. Methods: To assist long term sustainment of limited public health resources, we sought a method of continuous, real-time COVID-19 risk monitoring that could be used to alert non-specialists to the level of epidemic risk on a sub-national scale. After an exploratory data assessment, we selected four COVID-19 metrics used by public health in their periodic threat assessments, applied a business continuity matrix and derived a numeric indicator; the COVID-19 Risk Estimate (CRE), to generate a daily spot CRE, a 3 day net rise and a seven day rolling average. We used open source data updated daily from all Australian states and territories to monitor the CRE for over a year. Results: Upper and lower CRE thresholds were established for the CRE seven day rolling average, corresponding to risk of sustained and potential outbreak propagation, respectively. These CRE thresholds were used in a real-time map of Australian COVID-19 risk estimate distribution by state and territory. Conclusions: The CRE toolkit we developed complements other COVID-19 risk management techniques and provides an early indication of emerging threats to business continuity.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718641/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
232612	905	변종	risk	Term	risk	abstract	위험	9992	10.3389/fpubh.2021.744819	Estimating COVID Risk During a Period of Pandemic Decline	Timothy J. J. Inglis@@@Benjamin McFadden@@@Anthony Macali	202112	Public Health	PMC	Background: Many parts of the world that succeeded in suppressing epidemic coronavirus spread in 2020 have been caught out by recent changes in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Australia's early success in suppressing COVID-19 resulted in lengthy periods without community transmission. However, a slow vaccine rollout leaves this geographically isolated population vulnerable to leakage of new variants from quarantine, which requires internal travel restrictions, disruptive lockdowns, contact tracing and testing surges. Methods: To assist long term sustainment of limited public health resources, we sought a method of continuous, real-time COVID-19 risk monitoring that could be used to alert non-specialists to the level of epidemic risk on a sub-national scale. After an exploratory data assessment, we selected four COVID-19 metrics used by public health in their periodic threat assessments, applied a business continuity matrix and derived a numeric indicator; the COVID-19 Risk Estimate (CRE), to generate a daily spot CRE, a 3 day net rise and a seven day rolling average. We used open source data updated daily from all Australian states and territories to monitor the CRE for over a year. Results: Upper and lower CRE thresholds were established for the CRE seven day rolling average, corresponding to risk of sustained and potential outbreak propagation, respectively. These CRE thresholds were used in a real-time map of Australian COVID-19 risk estimate distribution by state and territory. Conclusions: The CRE toolkit we developed complements other COVID-19 risk management techniques and provides an early indication of emerging threats to business continuity.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718641/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
232586	905	변종	COVID	Term	covid	title	코로나	9992	10.3389/fpubh.2021.744819	Estimating COVID Risk During a Period of Pandemic Decline	Timothy J. J. Inglis@@@Benjamin McFadden@@@Anthony Macali	202112	Public Health	PMC	Background: Many parts of the world that succeeded in suppressing epidemic coronavirus spread in 2020 have been caught out by recent changes in the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Australia's early success in suppressing COVID-19 resulted in lengthy periods without community transmission. However, a slow vaccine rollout leaves this geographically isolated population vulnerable to leakage of new variants from quarantine, which requires internal travel restrictions, disruptive lockdowns, contact tracing and testing surges. Methods: To assist long term sustainment of limited public health resources, we sought a method of continuous, real-time COVID-19 risk monitoring that could be used to alert non-specialists to the level of epidemic risk on a sub-national scale. After an exploratory data assessment, we selected four COVID-19 metrics used by public health in their periodic threat assessments, applied a business continuity matrix and derived a numeric indicator; the COVID-19 Risk Estimate (CRE), to generate a daily spot CRE, a 3 day net rise and a seven day rolling average. We used open source data updated daily from all Australian states and territories to monitor the CRE for over a year. Results: Upper and lower CRE thresholds were established for the CRE seven day rolling average, corresponding to risk of sustained and potential outbreak propagation, respectively. These CRE thresholds were used in a real-time map of Australian COVID-19 risk estimate distribution by state and territory. Conclusions: The CRE toolkit we developed complements other COVID-19 risk management techniques and provides an early indication of emerging threats to business continuity.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718641/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
233002	905	변종	animal reservoir	Term	animal reservoir	abstract	동물병원소	10031	10.3389/fpubh.2020.608765	Can ACE2 Receptor Polymorphism Predict Species Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2?	Christian A. Devaux@@@Lucile Pinault@@@Ikram Omar Osman@@@Didier Raoult	202102	Public Health	PMC	A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide, causing more than 1.3 million deaths in 11 months. Similar to the human SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 shares strong sequence homologies with a sarbecovirus circulating in Rhinolophus affinis bats. Because bats are expected to be able to transmit their coronaviruses to intermediate animal hosts that in turn are a source of viruses able to cross species barriers and infect humans (so-called spillover model), the identification of an intermediate animal reservoir was the subject of intense researches. It was claimed that a reptile ( Ophiophagus hannah ) was the intermediate host. This hypothesis was quickly ruled out and replaced by the pangolin ( Manis javanica ) hypothesis. Yet, pangolin was also recently exonerated from SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans, leaving other animal species as presumed guilty. Guided by the spillover model, several laboratories investigated in silico the species polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to find the best fits with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding site. Following the same strategy, we used multi-sequence alignment, 3-D structure analysis, and electrostatic potential surface generation of ACE2 variants to predict their binding capacity to SARS-CoV-2. We report evidence that such simple in silico investigation is a powerful tool to quickly screen which species are potentially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. However, possible receptor binding does not necessarily lead to successful replication in host. Therefore, we also discuss here the limitations of these in silico approaches in our quest on the origins of COVID-19 pandemic.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902720/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
233006	905	변종	binding	Action	binding	abstract	결합	10031	10.3389/fpubh.2020.608765	Can ACE2 Receptor Polymorphism Predict Species Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2?	Christian A. Devaux@@@Lucile Pinault@@@Ikram Omar Osman@@@Didier Raoult	202102	Public Health	PMC	A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide, causing more than 1.3 million deaths in 11 months. Similar to the human SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 shares strong sequence homologies with a sarbecovirus circulating in Rhinolophus affinis bats. Because bats are expected to be able to transmit their coronaviruses to intermediate animal hosts that in turn are a source of viruses able to cross species barriers and infect humans (so-called spillover model), the identification of an intermediate animal reservoir was the subject of intense researches. It was claimed that a reptile ( Ophiophagus hannah ) was the intermediate host. This hypothesis was quickly ruled out and replaced by the pangolin ( Manis javanica ) hypothesis. Yet, pangolin was also recently exonerated from SARS-CoV-2 transmission to humans, leaving other animal species as presumed guilty. Guided by the spillover model, several laboratories investigated in silico the species polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to find the best fits with the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding site. Following the same strategy, we used multi-sequence alignment, 3-D structure analysis, and electrostatic potential surface generation of ACE2 variants to predict their binding capacity to SARS-CoV-2. We report evidence that such simple in silico investigation is a powerful tool to quickly screen which species are potentially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. However, possible receptor binding does not necessarily lead to successful replication in host. Therefore, we also discuss here the limitations of these in silico approaches in our quest on the origins of COVID-19 pandemic.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7902720/	207	2296-2565	Frontiers in Public Health	Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office.
249424	905	변종	highlight	Action	highlight	abstract	None	11200	10.1080/13543784.2022.2030310	Monoclonal antibody therapies in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection	Enrique Miguez-Rey@@@Dasom Choi@@@Seungmin Kim@@@Sangwook Yoon@@@Oana S?ndulescu	202201	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract }}} !!{{ Introduction: }} Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that target key domains of the spike protein in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may have therapeutic value because of their specificity. Depending on the targeted epitope, single agents may be effective, but combined treatment involving multiple NAbs may be necessary to prevent the emergence of resistant variants. !!{{ Areas covered: }} This article highlights the accelerated regulatory processes established to facilitate the review and approval of potential therapies. An overview of treatment approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection, with detailed examination of the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of NAbs, is provided. Finally, insights are offered into the potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of these agents. !!{{ Expert opinion: }} NAbs offer an effective, evidence-based therapeutic intervention during the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection when viral replication is the primary factor driving disease progression. As the pandemic progresses, appropriate use of NAbs will be important to minimize the risk of escape variants. Ultimately, the availability of effective treatments for COVID-19 will allow the establishment of treatment algorithms for minimizing the substantial rates of hospitalization, morbidity (including long COVID) and mortality currently associated with the disease. !!{{ Keywords: }} Bamlanivimab and etesevimab; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; casirivimab and imdevimab; neutralizing antibodies; regdanvimab; sotrovimab.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8862171/	1003	1354-3784	Expert opinion on investigational drugs	Abingdon, Oxford : Taylor & Francis.
238451	905	변종	Innate	Term	innate	title	타고난	10455	10.3389/fimmu.2021.653489	Germline Genetic Variants of Viral Entry and Innate Immunity May Influence Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Toward a Polygenic Risk Score for Risk Stratification	Vince Korn?l Grolmusz@@@Anik? Bozsik@@@J?nos Papp@@@Attila Pat?cs	202103	Review	PMC	The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has affected all aspects of human society with a special focus on healthcare. Although older patients with preexisting chronic illnesses are more prone to develop severe complications, younger, healthy individuals might also exhibit serious manifestations. Previous studies directed to detect genetic susceptibility factors for earlier epidemics have provided evidence of certain protective variations. Following SARS-CoV-2 exposure, viral entry into cells followed by recognition and response by the innate immunity are key determinants of COVID-19 development. In the present review our aim was to conduct a thorough review of the literature on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as key agents affecting the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity. Several SNPs within the scope of our approach were found to alter susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, a multitude of studies confirmed genetic associations between the analyzed genes and autoimmune diseases, underlining the versatile immune consequences of these variants. Based on confirmed associations it is highly plausible that the SNPs affecting viral entry and innate immunity might confer altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complex clinical consequences. Anticipating several COVID-19 genomic susceptibility loci based on the ongoing genome wide association studies, our review also proposes that a well-established polygenic risk score would be able to clinically leverage the acquired knowledge.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7982482/	109	1664-3224	Frontiers in Immunology	[Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation].
241290	905	변종	Wellcome Trust	Institution	wellcome trust	abstract	None	10619	10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103228	Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2	Tom G Richardson@@@Si Fang@@@Ruth E Mitchell@@@Michael V Holmes@@@George Davey Smith	202102	Research Paper	PMC	Background Developing insight into the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to overcome the global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). In this study, we have applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the effect of 10 cardiometabolic risk factors and genetic liability to lifetime smoking on 97 circulating host proteins postulated to either interact or contribute to the maladaptive host response of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and several robust MR methods in a two-sample setting to systemically estimate the genetically predicted effect of each risk factor in turn on levels of each circulating protein. Multivariable MR was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple risk factors on the same protein. We also applied MR using cis-regulatory variants at the genomic location responsible for encoding these proteins to estimate whether their circulating levels may influence severe SARS-CoV-2. Findings In total, we identified evidence supporting 105 effects between risk factors and circulating proteins which were robust to multiple testing corrections and sensitivity analyzes. For example, body mass index provided evidence of an effect on 23 circulating proteins with a variety of functions, such as inflammatory markers c-reactive protein (IVW Beta=0.34 per standard deviation change, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.41, P =?2.19?×?10 ?16 ) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IVW Beta=0.23, 95% CI=0.17 to 0.30, P =?9.04?×?10 ?12 ). Further analyzes using multivariable MR provided evidence that the effect of BMI on lowering immunoglobulin G, an antibody class involved in protection from infection, is substantially mediated by raised triglycerides levels (IVW Beta=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.25 to -0.12, P =?2.32?×?10 ?08 , proportion mediated=44.1%). The strongest evidence that any of the circulating proteins highlighted by our initial analysis influence severe SARS-CoV-2 was identified for soluble glycoprotein 130 (odds ratio=1.81, 95% CI=1.25 to 2.62, P =?0.002), a signal transductor for interleukin-6 type cytokines which are involved in inflammatory response. However, based on current case samples for severe SARS-CoV-2 we were unable to replicate findings in independent samples. Interpretation Our findings highlight several key proteins which are influenced by established exposures for disease. Future research to determine whether these circulating proteins mediate environmental effects onto risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or covid-19 progression are warranted to help elucidate therapeutic strategies for severe covid-19 disease. Funding The Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the British Heart Foundation and UK Research and Innovation.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7857697/	110	2352-3964	EBioMedicine	[Amsterdam] : Elsevier B.V.
241255	905	변종	Pathogenesis	Term	pathogenesis	abstract	발병기전	10619	10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103228	Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2	Tom G Richardson@@@Si Fang@@@Ruth E Mitchell@@@Michael V Holmes@@@George Davey Smith	202102	Research Paper	PMC	Background Developing insight into the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to overcome the global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). In this study, we have applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the effect of 10 cardiometabolic risk factors and genetic liability to lifetime smoking on 97 circulating host proteins postulated to either interact or contribute to the maladaptive host response of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and several robust MR methods in a two-sample setting to systemically estimate the genetically predicted effect of each risk factor in turn on levels of each circulating protein. Multivariable MR was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple risk factors on the same protein. We also applied MR using cis-regulatory variants at the genomic location responsible for encoding these proteins to estimate whether their circulating levels may influence severe SARS-CoV-2. Findings In total, we identified evidence supporting 105 effects between risk factors and circulating proteins which were robust to multiple testing corrections and sensitivity analyzes. For example, body mass index provided evidence of an effect on 23 circulating proteins with a variety of functions, such as inflammatory markers c-reactive protein (IVW Beta=0.34 per standard deviation change, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.41, P =?2.19?×?10 ?16 ) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IVW Beta=0.23, 95% CI=0.17 to 0.30, P =?9.04?×?10 ?12 ). Further analyzes using multivariable MR provided evidence that the effect of BMI on lowering immunoglobulin G, an antibody class involved in protection from infection, is substantially mediated by raised triglycerides levels (IVW Beta=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.25 to -0.12, P =?2.32?×?10 ?08 , proportion mediated=44.1%). The strongest evidence that any of the circulating proteins highlighted by our initial analysis influence severe SARS-CoV-2 was identified for soluble glycoprotein 130 (odds ratio=1.81, 95% CI=1.25 to 2.62, P =?0.002), a signal transductor for interleukin-6 type cytokines which are involved in inflammatory response. However, based on current case samples for severe SARS-CoV-2 we were unable to replicate findings in independent samples. Interpretation Our findings highlight several key proteins which are influenced by established exposures for disease. Future research to determine whether these circulating proteins mediate environmental effects onto risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or covid-19 progression are warranted to help elucidate therapeutic strategies for severe covid-19 disease. Funding The Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the British Heart Foundation and UK Research and Innovation.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7857697/	110	2352-3964	EBioMedicine	[Amsterdam] : Elsevier B.V.
241259	905	변종	Protein	Protein	protein	title,abstract	단백질	10619	10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103228	Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2	Tom G Richardson@@@Si Fang@@@Ruth E Mitchell@@@Michael V Holmes@@@George Davey Smith	202102	Research Paper	PMC	Background Developing insight into the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to overcome the global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). In this study, we have applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the effect of 10 cardiometabolic risk factors and genetic liability to lifetime smoking on 97 circulating host proteins postulated to either interact or contribute to the maladaptive host response of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and several robust MR methods in a two-sample setting to systemically estimate the genetically predicted effect of each risk factor in turn on levels of each circulating protein. Multivariable MR was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple risk factors on the same protein. We also applied MR using cis-regulatory variants at the genomic location responsible for encoding these proteins to estimate whether their circulating levels may influence severe SARS-CoV-2. Findings In total, we identified evidence supporting 105 effects between risk factors and circulating proteins which were robust to multiple testing corrections and sensitivity analyzes. For example, body mass index provided evidence of an effect on 23 circulating proteins with a variety of functions, such as inflammatory markers c-reactive protein (IVW Beta=0.34 per standard deviation change, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.41, P =?2.19?×?10 ?16 ) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IVW Beta=0.23, 95% CI=0.17 to 0.30, P =?9.04?×?10 ?12 ). Further analyzes using multivariable MR provided evidence that the effect of BMI on lowering immunoglobulin G, an antibody class involved in protection from infection, is substantially mediated by raised triglycerides levels (IVW Beta=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.25 to -0.12, P =?2.32?×?10 ?08 , proportion mediated=44.1%). The strongest evidence that any of the circulating proteins highlighted by our initial analysis influence severe SARS-CoV-2 was identified for soluble glycoprotein 130 (odds ratio=1.81, 95% CI=1.25 to 2.62, P =?0.002), a signal transductor for interleukin-6 type cytokines which are involved in inflammatory response. However, based on current case samples for severe SARS-CoV-2 we were unable to replicate findings in independent samples. Interpretation Our findings highlight several key proteins which are influenced by established exposures for disease. Future research to determine whether these circulating proteins mediate environmental effects onto risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or covid-19 progression are warranted to help elucidate therapeutic strategies for severe covid-19 disease. Funding The Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the British Heart Foundation and UK Research and Innovation.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7857697/	110	2352-3964	EBioMedicine	[Amsterdam] : Elsevier B.V.
241261	905	변종	raised	Action	raised	abstract	None	10619	10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103228	Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2	Tom G Richardson@@@Si Fang@@@Ruth E Mitchell@@@Michael V Holmes@@@George Davey Smith	202102	Research Paper	PMC	Background Developing insight into the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to overcome the global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). In this study, we have applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the effect of 10 cardiometabolic risk factors and genetic liability to lifetime smoking on 97 circulating host proteins postulated to either interact or contribute to the maladaptive host response of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and several robust MR methods in a two-sample setting to systemically estimate the genetically predicted effect of each risk factor in turn on levels of each circulating protein. Multivariable MR was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple risk factors on the same protein. We also applied MR using cis-regulatory variants at the genomic location responsible for encoding these proteins to estimate whether their circulating levels may influence severe SARS-CoV-2. Findings In total, we identified evidence supporting 105 effects between risk factors and circulating proteins which were robust to multiple testing corrections and sensitivity analyzes. For example, body mass index provided evidence of an effect on 23 circulating proteins with a variety of functions, such as inflammatory markers c-reactive protein (IVW Beta=0.34 per standard deviation change, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.41, P =?2.19?×?10 ?16 ) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IVW Beta=0.23, 95% CI=0.17 to 0.30, P =?9.04?×?10 ?12 ). Further analyzes using multivariable MR provided evidence that the effect of BMI on lowering immunoglobulin G, an antibody class involved in protection from infection, is substantially mediated by raised triglycerides levels (IVW Beta=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.25 to -0.12, P =?2.32?×?10 ?08 , proportion mediated=44.1%). The strongest evidence that any of the circulating proteins highlighted by our initial analysis influence severe SARS-CoV-2 was identified for soluble glycoprotein 130 (odds ratio=1.81, 95% CI=1.25 to 2.62, P =?0.002), a signal transductor for interleukin-6 type cytokines which are involved in inflammatory response. However, based on current case samples for severe SARS-CoV-2 we were unable to replicate findings in independent samples. Interpretation Our findings highlight several key proteins which are influenced by established exposures for disease. Future research to determine whether these circulating proteins mediate environmental effects onto risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or covid-19 progression are warranted to help elucidate therapeutic strategies for severe covid-19 disease. Funding The Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the British Heart Foundation and UK Research and Innovation.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7857697/	110	2352-3964	EBioMedicine	[Amsterdam] : Elsevier B.V.
241277	905	변종	severe SARS	Disease	severe SARS	abstract	None	10619	10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103228	Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2	Tom G Richardson@@@Si Fang@@@Ruth E Mitchell@@@Michael V Holmes@@@George Davey Smith	202102	Research Paper	PMC	Background Developing insight into the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of critical importance to overcome the global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). In this study, we have applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to systematically evaluate the effect of 10 cardiometabolic risk factors and genetic liability to lifetime smoking on 97 circulating host proteins postulated to either interact or contribute to the maladaptive host response of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We applied the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach and several robust MR methods in a two-sample setting to systemically estimate the genetically predicted effect of each risk factor in turn on levels of each circulating protein. Multivariable MR was conducted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of multiple risk factors on the same protein. We also applied MR using cis-regulatory variants at the genomic location responsible for encoding these proteins to estimate whether their circulating levels may influence severe SARS-CoV-2. Findings In total, we identified evidence supporting 105 effects between risk factors and circulating proteins which were robust to multiple testing corrections and sensitivity analyzes. For example, body mass index provided evidence of an effect on 23 circulating proteins with a variety of functions, such as inflammatory markers c-reactive protein (IVW Beta=0.34 per standard deviation change, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.41, P =?2.19?×?10 ?16 ) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IVW Beta=0.23, 95% CI=0.17 to 0.30, P =?9.04?×?10 ?12 ). Further analyzes using multivariable MR provided evidence that the effect of BMI on lowering immunoglobulin G, an antibody class involved in protection from infection, is substantially mediated by raised triglycerides levels (IVW Beta=-0.18, 95% CI=-0.25 to -0.12, P =?2.32?×?10 ?08 , proportion mediated=44.1%). The strongest evidence that any of the circulating proteins highlighted by our initial analysis influence severe SARS-CoV-2 was identified for soluble glycoprotein 130 (odds ratio=1.81, 95% CI=1.25 to 2.62, P =?0.002), a signal transductor for interleukin-6 type cytokines which are involved in inflammatory response. However, based on current case samples for severe SARS-CoV-2 we were unable to replicate findings in independent samples. Interpretation Our findings highlight several key proteins which are influenced by established exposures for disease. Future research to determine whether these circulating proteins mediate environmental effects onto risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or covid-19 progression are warranted to help elucidate therapeutic strategies for severe covid-19 disease. Funding The Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the British Heart Foundation and UK Research and Innovation.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7857697/	110	2352-3964	EBioMedicine	[Amsterdam] : Elsevier B.V.
246584	905	변종	Flow	Term	flow	title	흐름	11106	10.1128/spectrum.02507-21	Simultaneous Measurement of IgM and IgG Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Spike, RBD, and Nucleocapsid Multiplexed in a Single Assay on the xMAP INTELLIFLEX DR-SE Flow Analyzer	Andrew Cameron@@@Jessica L Bohrhunter@@@Claire A Porterfield@@@Rupinder Mangat@@@Michael H Karasick@@@Zachary Pearson@@@Stephen Angeloni@@@Nicole D Pecora	202204	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract }}} !! The multiplex capabilities of the new xMAP INTELLIFLEX DR-SE flow analyzer were explored by modifying a serological assay previously used to characterize the IgG antibody to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The goal was to examine the instrument's performance and to simultaneously measure IgM and IgG antibody responses against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens in a single assay. Specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were investigated in 310 symptomatic case patients using a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay and simultaneous detection of IgM and IgG. Neutralization potential was studied using the addition of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to block antibody binding. A profile extending to 180 days from symptom onset (DFSO) was described for antibodies specific to each viral antigen. Generally, IgM levels peaked and declined rapidly ∼3-4 weeks following infection, whereas S- and RBD-specific IgG plateaued at 80 DFSO. ACE2 more effectively prevented IgM and IgG binding in convalescent cases > 30 DFSO, suggesting those antibodies had greater neutralization potential. This work highlighted the multiplex and multi-analyte potential of the xMAP INTELLIFLEX DR-SE, and provided further evidence for antigen-specific IgM and IgG trajectories in acute and convalescent cases. IMPORTANCE The xMAP INTELLIFLEX DR-SE enabled simultaneous and semi-quantitative detection of both IgM and IgG to three different SARS-CoV-2 antigens in a single assay. The assay format is advantageous for rapid and medium-throughput profiling using a small volume of specimen. The xMAP INTELLIFLEX DR-SE technology demonstrated the potential to include numerous SARS-CoV-2 antigens; future work could incorporate multiple spike protein variants in a single assay. This could be an important feature for assessing the serological response to emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. !!{{ Keywords: }} ACE2; COVID-19; FMIA; SARS-CoV-2; antibody; fluorescent microsphere immunoassay; microsphere; nucleocapsid; serology; spike glycoprotein.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9045264/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
247398	905	변종	mineral oil	Drug	mineral oil	abstract	None	11139	10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01260	Magnetofluid-Integrated Multicolor Immunochip for Visual Analysis of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Variants	Haicong Shen@@@Xinying Chen@@@Liuqing Zeng@@@Xing Xu@@@Yingzhou Tao@@@Siyin Kang@@@Yinzhu Lu@@@Mingjian Lian@@@Chaoyong Yang@@@Zhi Zhu	202206	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract }}} !! The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has severely affected human health, life, and work. Vaccine immunization is considered to be an effective means to protect the body from infection. Therefore, timely analysis of the antibody level is helpful to identify people with low immune response or attenuated antibodies so as to carry out targeted and precise vaccine booster immunization. Herein, we develop a magnetofluid-integrated multicolor immunochip, as a sample-to-answer system in a fully enclosed space, for visual analysis of neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. Generally, this chip adopts an innovative three-dimensional two-phase system that utilizes mineral oil to block the connection between reagent wells in the vertical direction and provides a wide interface for rapid and nondestructive shuttle of magnetic beads during the immunoassay. In order to obtain visualized signal output, gold nanorods with a size-dependent color effect are used as the colorful chromogenic substrates for evaluation of the antibody level. Using this chip, the neutralizing antibodies were successfully detected in vaccine-immunized volunteers with 83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, changes in antibody levels of the same individual over time were also reflected by the multicolor assay. Overall, benefiting from simple operation, airtight safety, and nonrequirement of external equipment, this platform can provide a new point-of-care testing strategy for alleviating the shortage of medical resources and promoting epidemic control in underdeveloped areas.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211038/	518	0003-2700	Analytical Chemistry	Washington, American Chemical Society.
251092	905	변종	significantly higher	Action	significantly higher	abstract	None	11257	10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2204074	[Change in serum IgG antibody during the recovery stage of Omicron variant infection in children: an analysis of 110 cases]	Ping-Ping Zhang@@@Yan-Ting Guo@@@Yu-Qin Chu@@@Q I Ji@@@Yan Lian@@@Wei Li@@@Li-Na Yao	202207	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract in English, Chinese }}} !!{{ Objectives: }} To investigate the serum level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific RBD IgG antibody (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody for short) in children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during the recovery stage, as well as the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against Omicron infection. !!{{ Methods: }} A retrospective analysis was performed on 110 children who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Tianjin of China from January 8 to February 7, 2022. According to the status of vaccination before diagnosis, they were divided into a booster vaccination (3 doses) group with 2 children, a complete vaccination (2 doses) group with 90 children, an incomplete vaccination (1 dose) group with 5 children, and a non-vaccination group with 13 children. The clinical data and IgG level were compared among the 4 groups. !!{{ Results: }} The complete vaccination group had a significantly higher age than the non-vaccination group at diagnosis ( P <0.05), and there was a significant difference in the route of transmission between the two groups ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences among the four groups in sex, clinical classification, and re-positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection ( P >0.05). All 97 children were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, among whom 85 children (88%) were vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China). At 1 month after diagnosis, the booster vaccination group and the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group ( P <0.05), and at 2 months after diagnosis, the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group ( P <0.05). For the complete vaccination group, the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis was significantly lower than that at 1 month after diagnosis ( P <0.05). !!{{ Conclusions: }} Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has a protective effect against Omicron infection in children. For children vaccinated with 2 doses of the vaccine who experience Omicron infection, there may be a slight reduction in the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022, 24(7): 736-741 . !! 目的 : 探??童?重急性呼吸?合征冠?病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）?密克戎（Omicron）??株感染后恢?期血?抗SARS-CoV-2受???域特?性IgG抗?（??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?）水平，了解SARS-CoV-2疫苗（??新冠疫苗）接???密克戎感染的保?作用。方法 : 回?性收集2022年1月8日至2月7日天津市???密克戎??株感染的新型冠?病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）患?110例，根据患???前新冠疫苗接?情?分?4?，加强?接??（3?）2例，完全接??（2?）90例，不完全接??（1?）5例，未接??13例。比?4?患?的?床?料和SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平。 ?果 : 完全接????年?大于未接??（ P <0.05），完全接??的?播途??未接??比?差?有???意?（ P <0.05）。4?患?性?、?床分型、SARS-CoV-2核酸??再?性率比?差?无???意?（ P >0.05）。97例患?均接??活病毒疫苗，以??集?中?生物北京生物制品?究所疫苗接?人?最多（85/97，88%）。??后1?月加强?接??、完全接??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平高于未接??（ P <0.05）；??后2?月，完全接??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平高于未接??（ P <0.05）。完全接??患???后2?月的SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平低于??后1?月水平（ P <0.05）。 ?? : 接??活新冠疫苗在?密克戎流行期??童有保?作用，完全接?新冠疫苗的患??生?密克戎感染后保?性抗?SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平在??后2?月?有?度下降。. !!{{ Keywords: }} Child; Coronavirus disease 2019; IgG; Omicron; Recovery stage; Vaccination.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9336630/	1013	1008-8830	Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal o	Changsha : Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi she
251094	905	변종	Sinopharm	Term	sinopharm	abstract	None	11257	10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2204074	[Change in serum IgG antibody during the recovery stage of Omicron variant infection in children: an analysis of 110 cases]	Ping-Ping Zhang@@@Yan-Ting Guo@@@Yu-Qin Chu@@@Q I Ji@@@Yan Lian@@@Wei Li@@@Li-Na Yao	202207	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract in English, Chinese }}} !!{{ Objectives: }} To investigate the serum level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific RBD IgG antibody (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody for short) in children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during the recovery stage, as well as the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against Omicron infection. !!{{ Methods: }} A retrospective analysis was performed on 110 children who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Tianjin of China from January 8 to February 7, 2022. According to the status of vaccination before diagnosis, they were divided into a booster vaccination (3 doses) group with 2 children, a complete vaccination (2 doses) group with 90 children, an incomplete vaccination (1 dose) group with 5 children, and a non-vaccination group with 13 children. The clinical data and IgG level were compared among the 4 groups. !!{{ Results: }} The complete vaccination group had a significantly higher age than the non-vaccination group at diagnosis ( P <0.05), and there was a significant difference in the route of transmission between the two groups ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences among the four groups in sex, clinical classification, and re-positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection ( P >0.05). All 97 children were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, among whom 85 children (88%) were vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China). At 1 month after diagnosis, the booster vaccination group and the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group ( P <0.05), and at 2 months after diagnosis, the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group ( P <0.05). For the complete vaccination group, the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis was significantly lower than that at 1 month after diagnosis ( P <0.05). !!{{ Conclusions: }} Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has a protective effect against Omicron infection in children. For children vaccinated with 2 doses of the vaccine who experience Omicron infection, there may be a slight reduction in the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022, 24(7): 736-741 . !! 目的 : 探??童?重急性呼吸?合征冠?病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）?密克戎（Omicron）??株感染后恢?期血?抗SARS-CoV-2受???域特?性IgG抗?（??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?）水平，了解SARS-CoV-2疫苗（??新冠疫苗）接???密克戎感染的保?作用。方法 : 回?性收集2022年1月8日至2月7日天津市???密克戎??株感染的新型冠?病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）患?110例，根据患???前新冠疫苗接?情?分?4?，加强?接??（3?）2例，完全接??（2?）90例，不完全接??（1?）5例，未接??13例。比?4?患?的?床?料和SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平。 ?果 : 完全接????年?大于未接??（ P <0.05），完全接??的?播途??未接??比?差?有???意?（ P <0.05）。4?患?性?、?床分型、SARS-CoV-2核酸??再?性率比?差?无???意?（ P >0.05）。97例患?均接??活病毒疫苗，以??集?中?生物北京生物制品?究所疫苗接?人?最多（85/97，88%）。??后1?月加强?接??、完全接??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平高于未接??（ P <0.05）；??后2?月，完全接??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平高于未接??（ P <0.05）。完全接??患???后2?月的SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平低于??后1?月水平（ P <0.05）。 ?? : 接??活新冠疫苗在?密克戎流行期??童有保?作用，完全接?新冠疫苗的患??生?密克戎感染后保?性抗?SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平在??后2?月?有?度下降。. !!{{ Keywords: }} Child; Coronavirus disease 2019; IgG; Omicron; Recovery stage; Vaccination.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9336630/	1013	1008-8830	Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal o	Changsha : Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi she
251095	905	변종	status	Term	status	abstract	None	11257	10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2204074	[Change in serum IgG antibody during the recovery stage of Omicron variant infection in children: an analysis of 110 cases]	Ping-Ping Zhang@@@Yan-Ting Guo@@@Yu-Qin Chu@@@Q I Ji@@@Yan Lian@@@Wei Li@@@Li-Na Yao	202207	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract in English, Chinese }}} !!{{ Objectives: }} To investigate the serum level of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific RBD IgG antibody (SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody for short) in children with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during the recovery stage, as well as the protective effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination against Omicron infection. !!{{ Methods: }} A retrospective analysis was performed on 110 children who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Tianjin of China from January 8 to February 7, 2022. According to the status of vaccination before diagnosis, they were divided into a booster vaccination (3 doses) group with 2 children, a complete vaccination (2 doses) group with 90 children, an incomplete vaccination (1 dose) group with 5 children, and a non-vaccination group with 13 children. The clinical data and IgG level were compared among the 4 groups. !!{{ Results: }} The complete vaccination group had a significantly higher age than the non-vaccination group at diagnosis ( P <0.05), and there was a significant difference in the route of transmission between the two groups ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences among the four groups in sex, clinical classification, and re-positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection ( P >0.05). All 97 children were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine, among whom 85 children (88%) were vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV Sinopharm vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China). At 1 month after diagnosis, the booster vaccination group and the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group ( P <0.05), and at 2 months after diagnosis, the complete vaccination group had a significantly higher level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody than the non-vaccination group ( P <0.05). For the complete vaccination group, the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis was significantly lower than that at 1 month after diagnosis ( P <0.05). !!{{ Conclusions: }} Vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has a protective effect against Omicron infection in children. For children vaccinated with 2 doses of the vaccine who experience Omicron infection, there may be a slight reduction in the level of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody at 2 months after diagnosis. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2022, 24(7): 736-741 . !! 目的 : 探??童?重急性呼吸?合征冠?病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）?密克戎（Omicron）??株感染后恢?期血?抗SARS-CoV-2受???域特?性IgG抗?（??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?）水平，了解SARS-CoV-2疫苗（??新冠疫苗）接???密克戎感染的保?作用。方法 : 回?性收集2022年1月8日至2月7日天津市???密克戎??株感染的新型冠?病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）患?110例，根据患???前新冠疫苗接?情?分?4?，加强?接??（3?）2例，完全接??（2?）90例，不完全接??（1?）5例，未接??13例。比?4?患?的?床?料和SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平。 ?果 : 完全接????年?大于未接??（ P <0.05），完全接??的?播途??未接??比?差?有???意?（ P <0.05）。4?患?性?、?床分型、SARS-CoV-2核酸??再?性率比?差?无???意?（ P >0.05）。97例患?均接??活病毒疫苗，以??集?中?生物北京生物制品?究所疫苗接?人?最多（85/97，88%）。??后1?月加强?接??、完全接??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平高于未接??（ P <0.05）；??后2?月，完全接??SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平高于未接??（ P <0.05）。完全接??患???后2?月的SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平低于??后1?月水平（ P <0.05）。 ?? : 接??活新冠疫苗在?密克戎流行期??童有保?作用，完全接?新冠疫苗的患??生?密克戎感染后保?性抗?SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗?水平在??后2?月?有?度下降。. !!{{ Keywords: }} Child; Coronavirus disease 2019; IgG; Omicron; Recovery stage; Vaccination.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9336630/	1013	1008-8830	Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal o	Changsha : Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi she
247401	905	변종	neutralizing antibody	Protein	neutralizing antibody	abstract	중화 항체	11139	10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01260	Magnetofluid-Integrated Multicolor Immunochip for Visual Analysis of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Variants	Haicong Shen@@@Xinying Chen@@@Liuqing Zeng@@@Xing Xu@@@Yingzhou Tao@@@Siyin Kang@@@Yinzhu Lu@@@Mingjian Lian@@@Chaoyong Yang@@@Zhi Zhu	202206	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract }}} !! The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has severely affected human health, life, and work. Vaccine immunization is considered to be an effective means to protect the body from infection. Therefore, timely analysis of the antibody level is helpful to identify people with low immune response or attenuated antibodies so as to carry out targeted and precise vaccine booster immunization. Herein, we develop a magnetofluid-integrated multicolor immunochip, as a sample-to-answer system in a fully enclosed space, for visual analysis of neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. Generally, this chip adopts an innovative three-dimensional two-phase system that utilizes mineral oil to block the connection between reagent wells in the vertical direction and provides a wide interface for rapid and nondestructive shuttle of magnetic beads during the immunoassay. In order to obtain visualized signal output, gold nanorods with a size-dependent color effect are used as the colorful chromogenic substrates for evaluation of the antibody level. Using this chip, the neutralizing antibodies were successfully detected in vaccine-immunized volunteers with 83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, changes in antibody levels of the same individual over time were also reflected by the multicolor assay. Overall, benefiting from simple operation, airtight safety, and nonrequirement of external equipment, this platform can provide a new point-of-care testing strategy for alleviating the shortage of medical resources and promoting epidemic control in underdeveloped areas.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9211038/	518	0003-2700	Analytical Chemistry	Washington, American Chemical Society.
246324	905	변종	linear	Term	linear	abstract	None	11099	10.3390/bios12050272	Rapid Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies with a Screen-Printed Electrode Modified with a Spike Glycoprotein Epitope	Wilson A Ameku@@@David W Provance@@@Carlos M Morel@@@Salvatore G De-Simone	202204	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract }}} !!{{ Background: }} The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was recognized in late 2019 and has since spread worldwide, leading to a pandemic with unprecedented health and financial consequences. There remains an enormous demand for new diagnostic methods that can deliver fast, low-cost, and easy-to-use confirmation of a SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have developed an affordable electrochemical biosensor for the rapid detection of serological immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody in sera against the spike protein. !!{{ Materials and methods: }} A previously identified linear B-cell epitope (EP) specific to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and recognized by IgG in patient sera was selected for the target molecule. After synthesis, the EP was immobilized onto the surface of the working electrode of a commercially available screen-printed electrode (SPE). The capture of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgGs allowed the formation of an immunocomplex that was measured by square-wave voltammetry from its generation of hydroquinone (HQ). !!{{ Results: }} An evaluation of the performance of the EP-based biosensor presented a selectivity and specificity for COVID-19 of 93% and 100%, respectively. No cross-reaction was observed to antibodies against other diseases that included Chagas disease, Chikungunya, Leishmaniosis, and Dengue. Differentiation of infected and non-infected individuals was possible even at a high dilution factor that decreased the required sample volumes to a few microliters. !!{{ Conclusion: }} The final device proved suitable for diagnosing COVID-19 by assaying actual serum samples, and the results displayed good agreement with the molecular biology diagnoses. The flexibility to conjugate other EPs to SPEs suggests that this technology could be rapidly adapted to diagnose new variants of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogens. !!{{ Keywords: }} COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; electrochemical biosensor; epitope; immunological diagnostic; point of care; spike glycoprotein.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9139057/	448	2079-6374	Biosensors	Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Pub.
250881	905	변종	antibody	Protein	antibody	title	항체	11253	10.1038/s41423-022-00890-1	Neutralizing antibodies and their cocktails against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and other circulating variants	Yang Yang@@@Lanying Du	202208	Comment	PMC	None	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9243717/	111	1672-7681	Cellular and Molecular Immunology	Beijing, China : Tokyo, Japan : Chinese Society of Immunology; Nature Pub. Group	2.96000
274353	905	변종	insertions	Action	insertion	abstract	None	12205	10.1128/spectrum.02191-21	Conserved Pattern and Potential Role of Recurrent Deletions in SARS-CoV-2 Evolution	Shenghui Weng@@@Hangyu Zhou@@@Chengyang Ji@@@Liang Li@@@Na Han@@@Rong Yang@@@Jingzhe Shang@@@Aiping Wu	202204	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract }}} !! SARS-CoV-2 continues adapting to human hosts during the current worldwide pandemic since 2019. This virus evolves through multiple means, such as single nucleotide mutations and structural variations, which has brought great difficulty to disease prevention and control of COVID-19. Structural variation, including multiple nucleotide changes like insertions and deletions, has a greater impact relative to single nucleotide mutation on both genome structures and protein functions. In this study, we found that deletion occurred frequently in not only SARS-CoV-2 but also in other SARS-related coronaviruses. These deletions showed obvious location bias and formed 45 recurrent deletion regions in the viral genome. Some of these deletions showed proliferation advantages, including four high-frequency deletions (nsp6 Δ106-109, S Δ69-70, S Δ144, and Δ28271) that were detected in around 50% of SARS-CoV-2 genomes and other 19 median-frequency deletions. In addition, the association between deletions and the WHO reported variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI) of SARS-CoV-2 indicated that these variants had a unique combination of deletion patterns. In the spike (S) protein, the deletions in SARS-CoV-2 were mainly in the N-terminal domain. Some deletions, such as S Δ144/145 and S Δ243-244, have been confirmed to block the binding sites of neutralizing antibodies. Overall, this study revealed a conservative regional pattern and the potential effect of some deletions in SARS-CoV-2 over the whole genome, providing important evidence for potential epidemic control and vaccine development. IMPORTANCE Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 were studied extensively, while only the structure variations on the spike protein were discussed well in previous studies. To study the role of structural variations in virus evolution, we described the distribution of structure variations on the whole genome. Conserved patterns were found of deletions among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2-like, and SARS-CoV-like viruses. There were 45 recurrent deletion regions (RDRs) in SARS-CoV-2 generated through the integration of deleted positions. In these regions, four high-frequency deletions parallelly appeared in multiple strains. Furthermore, in the spike protein, the deletions in SARS-CoV-2 were mainly in the N-terminal domain, blocking the binding sites of some neutralizing antibodies, while the structural variations in SARS-related coronavirus were mainly in the N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain. The receptor binding domain is highly related to hosting recognition. The deletions in the receptor binding domain may play a role in host adaption. !!{{ Keywords: }} SARS-CoV-2; adaptive evolution; mutation; recurrent deletion; structural variation.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9045279/	180	2165-0497	Microbiology Spectrum	Washington, DC : ASM Press
259190	905	변종	managing	Term	managing	title	None	11524	10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02841-5	Managing waning vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants	Kathy Leung@@@Joseph T Wu	202201	Comment	PMC	None	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687669/	38	0140-6736	Lancet (London, England)	London : Elsevier.
261417	905	변종	creatine kinase	Term	creatine kinase	abstract	크레아틴키나아제	11596	10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2110043	Clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Delta variant infection	Jun-Feng Sheng@@@Lan Shao@@@Yu-Lin Wang	202112	Article	PMC	{{{ Abstract in English, Chinese }}} !!{{ Objectives: }} To study the epidemiological and clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Delta variant infection and their differences from children with ordinary COVID-19 (non-Delta variant infection). !!{{ Methods: }} Eleven children aged <14 years, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 caused by Delta variant infection from August to September 2021 were enrolled (variant group). Five children aged <14 years who were diagnosed with ordinary COVID-19 from February to March 2020 served as the control group. The epidemiological data, clinical features, and laboratory examination results were compared between the two groups. !!{{ Results: }} There was no significant difference in the proportion of children with clinical symptoms between the two groups ( P >0.05). There were no significant differences in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, and platelet count between the two groups ( P >0.05), while the variant group had a lower neutrophil count than the control group ( P <0.05). Lymphocytopenia was not observed in either group. Compared with the control group, the variant group had a higher proportion of children with an increase in creatine kinase isoenzyme ( P <0.05), while there were no significant differences in the proportion of children with an increase in lactate dehydrogenase, D-Dimer, C-reactive protein or interleukin-6 between the two groups ( P >0.05). Among the 9 children in the variant group, 5 tested positive for IgM antibody at week 2 after admission, and all children tested positive for IgG antibody. At week 3 after admission, the level of IgM antibody tended to decrease in 9 children, and the level of IgG antibody tended to decrease in 8 children. !!{{ Conclusions: }} Delta variant is more infectious. COVID-19 caused by Delta variant infection may cause more serious myocardial damage than ordinary COVID-19 in children. In children infected with Delta variant, IgG antibody appears at almost the same time as IgM antibody. !! 目的 : 探??童Delta??株新型冠?病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）的流行病?及?床特征，分析其??童普通COVID-19的差?。方法 : 回?性?取2021年8~9月??的Delta??株COVID-19和2020年2~3月??COVID-19的14?以下?童16例??究?象。?16例患?按照病毒??情?分????（ n =11）?普通?（ n =5），???流行病?、?床特征及??室???料?行比?。 ?果 : ?床症??生比例在????普通??比?差?无???意?（ P >0.05）。白?胞??、淋巴?胞??和血小板??在???比?差?无???意?（ P >0.05）；???中性粒?胞??低于普通?（ P <0.05）；??均?有淋巴?胞?少病例。???肌酸激?同工?增高比例?普通?多?（ P <0.05）；而乳酸???、D-二聚?、C-反?蛋白、白?胞介素-6增高比例?普通?比?差?无???意?（ P >0.05）。9例???患?在入院第2周有5例??出IgM抗??性，均??出IgG抗??性；入院第3周9例患?IgM抗?水平呈下降??，8例患?IgG抗?水平呈下降??。 ?? : Delta??株感染性增强，??童心肌的?害高于普通COVID-19。?童感染Delta??株后，IgG抗?出????IgM抗?基本相同。. !!{{ Keywords: }} COVID-19; Child; Clinical feature; Delta variant.	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8690709/	1013	1008-8830	Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal o	Changsha : Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi she

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판매제공처 홈페이지	판매담당자	연락처	이메일
www.vinea.co.kr	(주)비네아	010-8703-2109	bongbong@vinea.co.kr

연관 상품

상품명	가격
COVID19 데이터셋	3000000
진단 데이터셋 공개데이터	0
신종인플루엔자 데이터셋	2000000
홍역 데이터셋	3000000

제약 및 취소환불 규정

제약 및 취소/환불 규정 안내
데이터 상품은 디지털화된 상품의 특성상 반품, 취소, 환불 되지 않으나 데이터의 심각한 오류, 상이한 데이터에 한하여 구매자가 요구하는 경우 환불을 진행할 수 있습니다.

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